class ActiveModel::NullMutationTracker

def any_changes?
  false
end

def change_to_attribute(attr_name)
end

def changed?(attr_name, **)
  false
end

def changed_attribute_names
  []
end

def changed_in_place?(attr_name)
  false
end

def changed_values
  {}
end

def changes
  {}
end

def original_value(attr_name)
end