module Enumerable

def as_json(options = nil) #:nodoc:

:nodoc: 
def as_json(options = nil) #:nodoc:
  to_a.as_json(options)
end

def exclude?(object)

collection does not include the object.
The negative of the Enumerable#include?. Returns +true+ if the 
def exclude?(object)
  !include?(object)
end

def index_by

=> { "Chade- Fowlersburg-e" => , "David Heinemeier Hansson" => , ...}
people.index_by { |person| "#{person.first_name} #{person.last_name}" }
=> { "nextangle" => , "chade-" => , ...}
people.index_by(&:login)

Convert an enumerable to a hash. 
def index_by
  if block_given?
    Hash[map { |elem| [yield(elem), elem] }]
  else
    to_enum(:index_by) { size if respond_to?(:size) }
  end
end

def many?

if more than one person is over 26.
much like any?, so people.many? { |p| p.age > 26 } returns +true+
equivalent to enum.to_a.size > 1. Can be called with a block too,
Returns +true+ if the enumerable has more than 1 element. Functionally 
def many?
  cnt = 0
  if block_given?
    any? do |element|
      cnt += 1 if yield element
      cnt > 1
    end
  else
    any? { (cnt += 1) > 1 }
  end
end

def pluck(*keys)

=> [[1, "David"], [2, "Rafael"]]
[{ id: 1, name: "David" }, { id: 2, name: "Rafael" }].pluck(:id, :name)

=> ["David", "Rafael", "Aaron"]
[{ name: "David" }, { name: "Rafael" }, { name: "Aaron" }].pluck(:name)

Convert an enumerable to an array based on the given key. 
def pluck(*keys)
  if keys.many?
    map { |element| keys.map { |key| element[key] } }
  else
    map { |element| element[keys.first] }
  end
end

def sum(identity = nil, &block)

[].sum(Payment.new(0)) { |i| i.amount } # => Payment.new(0)

The default sum of an empty list is zero. You can override this default:

[[1, 2], [3, 1, 5]].sum => [1, 2, 3, 1, 5]
['foo', 'bar'].sum # => "foobar"
[5, 15, 10].sum # => 30

It can also calculate the sum without the use of a block.

payments.inject(0) { |sum, p| sum + p.price }

The latter is a shortcut for:

payments.sum(&:price)
payments.sum { |p| p.price * p.tax_rate }

Calculates a sum from the elements. 
def sum(identity = nil, &block)
  if block_given?
    map(&block).sum(identity)
  else
    sum = identity ? inject(identity, :+) : inject(:+)
    sum || identity || 0
  end
end

def without(*elements)

=> {foo: 1, baz: 3}
{foo: 1, bar: 2, baz: 3}.without :bar

=> ["David", "Rafael"]
["David", "Rafael", "Aaron", "Todd"].without "Aaron", "Todd"

Returns a copy of the enumerable without the specified elements. 
def without(*elements)
  reject { |element| elements.include?(element) }
end