module Ancestry::ClassMethods

def arrange options = {}

Get all nodes and sort them into an empty hash
def arrange options = {}
  if (order = options.delete(:order))
    arrange_nodes self.ancestry_base_class.order(order).where(options)
  else
    arrange_nodes self.ancestry_base_class.where(options)
  end
end

def arrange_nodes(nodes)

If a node's parent is not included, the node will be included as if it is a top level node
{node => children}, where children = {} if the node has no children
Arrange array of nodes into a nested hash of the form
def arrange_nodes(nodes)
  node_ids = Set.new(nodes.map(&:id))
  index = Hash.new { |h, k| h[k] = {} }
  nodes.each_with_object({}) do |node, arranged|
    children = index[node.id]
    index[node.parent_id][node] = children
    arranged[node] = children unless node_ids.include?(node.parent_id)
  end
end

def arrange_serializable options={}, nodes=nil, &block

also allows you to pass the order just as you can pass it to the arrange method
You can also supply your own serialization logic using blocks
Arrangement to nested array for serialization
def arrange_serializable options={}, nodes=nil, &block
  nodes = arrange(options) if nodes.nil?
  nodes.map do |parent, children|
    if block_given?
      yield parent, arrange_serializable(options, children, &block)
    else
      parent.serializable_hash.merge 'children' => arrange_serializable(options, children)
    end
  end
end

def build_ancestry_from_parent_ids! column=:parent_id, parent_id = nil, ancestor_ids = []

Build ancestry from parent ids for migration purposes
def build_ancestry_from_parent_ids! column=:parent_id, parent_id = nil, ancestor_ids = []
  unscoped_where do |scope|
    scope.where(column => parent_id).find_each do |node|
      node.without_ancestry_callbacks do
        node.update_attribute :ancestor_ids, ancestor_ids
      end
      build_ancestry_from_parent_ids! column, node.id, ancestor_ids + [node.id]
    end
  end
end

def check_ancestry_integrity! options = {}

specify :report => :list to return an array of exceptions or :report => :echo to echo any error messages
just in case, raise an AncestryIntegrityException if issues are detected
compromised tree integrity is unlikely without explicitly setting cyclic parents or invalid ancestry and circumventing validation
Integrity checking
def check_ancestry_integrity! options = {}
  parents = {}
  exceptions = [] if options[:report] == :list
  unscoped_where do |scope|
    # For each node ...
    scope.find_each do |node|
      begin
        # ... check validity of ancestry column
        if !node.sane_ancestor_ids?
          raise Ancestry::AncestryIntegrityException.new(I18n.t("ancestry.invalid_ancestry_column",
                                                                :node_id => node.id,
                                                                :ancestry_column => "#{node.read_attribute node.ancestry_column}"
                                                                ))
        end
        # ... check that all ancestors exist
        node.ancestor_ids.each do |ancestor_id|
          unless exists? ancestor_id
            raise Ancestry::AncestryIntegrityException.new(I18n.t("ancestry.reference_nonexistent_node",
                                                                  :node_id => node.id,
                                                                  :ancestor_id => ancestor_id
                                                                  ))
          end
        end
        # ... check that all node parents are consistent with values observed earlier
        node.path_ids.zip([nil] + node.path_ids).each do |node_id, parent_id|
          parents[node_id] = parent_id unless parents.has_key? node_id
          unless parents[node_id] == parent_id
            raise Ancestry::AncestryIntegrityException.new(I18n.t("ancestry.conflicting_parent_id",
                                                                  :node_id => node_id,
                                                                  :parent_id => parent_id || 'nil',
                                                                  :expected => parents[node_id] || 'nil'
                                                                  ))
          end
        end
      rescue Ancestry::AncestryIntegrityException => integrity_exception
        case options[:report]
          when :list then exceptions << integrity_exception
          when :echo then puts integrity_exception
          else raise integrity_exception
        end
      end
    end
  end
  exceptions if options[:report] == :list
end

def orphan_strategy= orphan_strategy

Orphan strategy writer
def orphan_strategy= orphan_strategy
  # Check value of orphan strategy, only rootify, adopt, restrict or destroy is allowed
  if [:rootify, :adopt, :restrict, :destroy].include? orphan_strategy
    class_variable_set :@@orphan_strategy, orphan_strategy
  else
    raise Ancestry::AncestryException.new(I18n.t("ancestry.invalid_orphan_strategy"))
  end
end

def primary_key_is_an_integer?

def primary_key_is_an_integer?
  if defined?(@primary_key_is_an_integer)
    @primary_key_is_an_integer
  else
    @primary_key_is_an_integer = !ANCESTRY_UNCAST_TYPES.include?(type_for_attribute(primary_key).type)
  end
end

def rebuild_depth_cache!

Rebuild depth cache if it got corrupted or if depth caching was just turned on
def rebuild_depth_cache!
  raise Ancestry::AncestryException.new(I18n.t("ancestry.cannot_rebuild_depth_cache")) unless respond_to? :depth_cache_column
  self.ancestry_base_class.transaction do
    unscoped_where do |scope|
      scope.find_each do |node|
        node.update_attribute depth_cache_column, node.depth
      end
    end
  end
end

def restore_ancestry_integrity!

Integrity restoration
def restore_ancestry_integrity!
  parent_ids = {}
  # Wrap the whole thing in a transaction ...
  self.ancestry_base_class.transaction do
    unscoped_where do |scope|
      # For each node ...
      scope.find_each do |node|
        # ... set its ancestry to nil if invalid
        if !node.sane_ancestor_ids?
          node.without_ancestry_callbacks do
            node.update_attribute :ancestor_ids, []
          end
        end
        # ... save parent id of this node in parent_ids array if it exists
        parent_ids[node.id] = node.parent_id if exists? node.parent_id
        # Reset parent id in array to nil if it introduces a cycle
        parent_id = parent_ids[node.id]
        until parent_id.nil? || parent_id == node.id
          parent_id = parent_ids[parent_id]
        end
        parent_ids[node.id] = nil if parent_id == node.id
      end
      # For each node ...
      scope.find_each do |node|
        # ... rebuild ancestry from parent_ids array
        ancestor_ids, parent_id = [], parent_ids[node.id]
        until parent_id.nil?
          ancestor_ids, parent_id = [parent_id] + ancestor_ids, parent_ids[parent_id]
        end
        node.without_ancestry_callbacks do
          node.update_attribute :ancestor_ids, ancestor_ids
        end
      end
    end
  end
end

def scope_depth depth_options, depth

Scope on relative depth options
def scope_depth depth_options, depth
  depth_options.inject(self.ancestry_base_class) do |scope, option|
    scope_name, relative_depth = option
    if [:before_depth, :to_depth, :at_depth, :from_depth, :after_depth].include? scope_name
      scope.send scope_name, depth + relative_depth
    else
      raise Ancestry::AncestryException.new(I18n.t("ancestry.unknown_depth_option", scope_name: scope_name))
    end
  end
end

def sort_by_ancestry(nodes, &block)

Pseudo-preordered array of nodes. Children will always follow parents,
def sort_by_ancestry(nodes, &block)
  arranged = nodes if nodes.is_a?(Hash)
  unless arranged
    presorted_nodes = nodes.sort do |a, b|
      a_cestry, b_cestry = a.ancestry || '0', b.ancestry || '0'
      if block_given? && a_cestry == b_cestry
        yield a, b
      else
        a_cestry <=> b_cestry
      end
    end
    arranged = arrange_nodes(presorted_nodes)
  end
  arranged.inject([]) do |sorted_nodes, pair|
    node, children = pair
    sorted_nodes << node
    sorted_nodes += sort_by_ancestry(children, &block) unless children.blank?
    sorted_nodes
  end
end

def to_node object

Fetch tree node if necessary
def to_node object
  if object.is_a?(self.ancestry_base_class)
    object
  else
    unscoped_where { |scope| scope.find(object.try(primary_key) || object) }
  end
end

def unscoped_where

def unscoped_where
  yield self.ancestry_base_class.default_scoped.unscope(:where)
end