class Bundler::Installer

def self.install(root, definition, options = {})

For more information see the #run method on this class.
Begins the installation process for Bundler.
def self.install(root, definition, options = {})
  installer = new(root, definition)
  installer.run(options)
  installer
end

def can_install_in_parallel?

def can_install_in_parallel?
  if Bundler.rubygems.provides?(">= 2.1.0")
    true
  else
    Bundler.ui.warn "Rubygems #{Gem::VERSION} is not threadsafe, so your "\
      "gems will be installed one at a time. Upgrade to Rubygems 2.1.0 " \
      "or higher to enable parallel gem installation."
    false
  end
end

def create_bundle_path

def create_bundle_path
  SharedHelpers.filesystem_access(Bundler.bundle_path.to_s) do |p|
    Bundler.mkdir_p(p)
  end unless Bundler.bundle_path.exist?
rescue Errno::EEXIST
  raise PathError, "Could not install to path `#{Bundler.settings[:path]}` " \
    "because of an invalid symlink. Remove the symlink so the directory can be created."
end

def generate_bundler_executable_stubs(spec, options = {})

def generate_bundler_executable_stubs(spec, options = {})
  if options[:binstubs_cmd] && spec.executables.empty?
    options = {}
    spec.runtime_dependencies.each do |dep|
      bins = @definition.specs[dep].first.executables
      options[dep.name] = bins unless bins.empty?
    end
    if options.any?
      Bundler.ui.warn "#{spec.name} has no executables, but you may want " \
        "one from a gem it depends on."
      options.each {|name, bins| Bundler.ui.warn "  #{name} has: #{bins.join(", ")}" }
    else
      Bundler.ui.warn "There are no executables for the gem #{spec.name}."
    end
    return
  end
  # double-assignment to avoid warnings about variables that will be used by ERB
  bin_path = bin_path = Bundler.bin_path
  template = template = File.read(File.expand_path("../templates/Executable", __FILE__))
  relative_gemfile_path = relative_gemfile_path = Bundler.default_gemfile.relative_path_from(bin_path)
  ruby_command = ruby_command = Thor::Util.ruby_command
  exists = []
  spec.executables.each do |executable|
    next if executable == "bundle"
    binstub_path = "#{bin_path}/#{executable}"
    if File.exist?(binstub_path) && !options[:force]
      exists << executable
      next
    end
    File.open(binstub_path, "w", 0777 & ~File.umask) do |f|
      f.puts ERB.new(template, nil, "-").result(binding)
    end
  end
  if options[:binstubs_cmd] && exists.any?
    case exists.size
    when 1
      Bundler.ui.warn "Skipped #{exists[0]} since it already exists."
    when 2
      Bundler.ui.warn "Skipped #{exists.join(" and ")} since they already exist."
    else
      items = exists[0...-1].empty? ? nil : exists[0...-1].join(", ")
      skipped = [items, exists[-1]].compact.join(" and ")
      Bundler.ui.warn "Skipped #{skipped} since they already exist."
    end
    Bundler.ui.warn "If you want to overwrite skipped stubs, use --force."
  end
end

def generate_standalone_bundler_executable_stubs(spec)

def generate_standalone_bundler_executable_stubs(spec)
  # double-assignment to avoid warnings about variables that will be used by ERB
  bin_path = Bundler.bin_path
  template = File.read(File.expand_path("../templates/Executable.standalone", __FILE__))
  ruby_command = ruby_command = Thor::Util.ruby_command
  spec.executables.each do |executable|
    next if executable == "bundle"
    standalone_path = standalone_path = Pathname(Bundler.settings[:path]).expand_path.relative_path_from(bin_path)
    executable_path = executable_path = Pathname(spec.full_gem_path).join(spec.bindir, executable).relative_path_from(bin_path)
    File.open "#{bin_path}/#{executable}", "w", 0755 do |f|
      f.puts ERB.new(template, nil, "-").result(binding)
    end
  end
end

def install(options)

installation is just SO MUCH FASTER. so we let people opt in.
that said, it's a rare situation (other than rake), and parallel
dependencies might actually affect the installation of a gem.
the order that the resolver provides is significant, since
def install(options)
  force = options["force"]
  jobs = 1
  jobs = [Bundler.settings[:jobs].to_i - 1, 1].max if can_install_in_parallel?
  install_in_parallel jobs, options[:standalone], force
end

def install_in_parallel(size, standalone, force = false)

def install_in_parallel(size, standalone, force = false)
  ParallelInstaller.call(self, specs, size, standalone, force)
end

def resolve_if_need(options)

def resolve_if_need(options)
  if Bundler.default_lockfile.exist? && !options["update"]
    local = Bundler.ui.silence do
      begin
        tmpdef = Definition.build(Bundler.default_gemfile, Bundler.default_lockfile, nil)
        true unless tmpdef.new_platform? || tmpdef.missing_specs.any?
      rescue BundlerError
      end
    end
  end
  unless local
    options["local"] ? @definition.resolve_with_cache! : @definition.resolve_remotely!
  end
end

def run(options)

Finally: TODO add documentation for how the standalone process works.

that a user runs `bundle install` they will receive any updates from this process.
Sixthly, a new Gemfile.lock is created from the installed gems to ensure that the next time

earlier.
but only if the --binstubs option has been passed or Bundler.options[:bin] has been set
This then leads into the gems being installed, along with stubs for their executables,
Fifthly, Bundler resolves the dependencies either through a cache of gems or by remote.

to that which is specified in Gemfile.lock, or if there are any missing specs for the gems.
default lock file (Gemfile.lock). However, this is not the case if the platform is different
then proceeds to set up a defintion based on the default gemfile (Gemfile) and the
Fourthly, Bundler checks if the default lockfile (Gemfile.lock) exists, and if so

Bundler returns a warning message stating so and this method returns.
Bundler::Environment#dependencies. If there are no dependencies specified then
Thirdly, Bundler checks if there are any dependencies specified in the Gemfile using

`bundle install` will potentially not install the correct gems.
If this file is not correctly updated then any other developer running
`bundle install`, which leads to the Gemfile.lock file not being correctly updated.
This stops a situation where a developer may update the Gemfile but may not run
Frozen ensures that the Gemfile and the Gemfile.lock file are matching.
Secondly, it checks if Bundler has been configured to be "frozen"

on the system, be it RVM or at a system path.
and if not then will create it. This is usually the location of gems
Firstly, this method will check to see if Bundler.bundle_path exists

Runs the install procedures for a specific Gemfile.
def run(options)
  create_bundle_path
  if Bundler.settings[:frozen]
    @definition.ensure_equivalent_gemfile_and_lockfile(options[:deployment])
  end
  if dependencies.empty?
    Bundler.ui.warn "The Gemfile specifies no dependencies"
    lock
    return
  end
  resolve_if_need(options)
  install(options)
  lock unless Bundler.settings[:frozen]
  Standalone.new(options[:standalone], @definition).generate if options[:standalone]
end