module Typhoeus::Utils

def escape(s)

Taken from Rack::Utils, 1.2.1 to remove Rack dependency. 
def escape(s)
  s.to_s.gsub(/([^ a-zA-Z0-9_.-]+)/u) {
    '%'+$1.unpack('H2'*bytesize($1)).join('%').upcase
  }.tr(' ', '+')
end