module Process

def create(args)


Process.spawn method instead of Process.create where possible.
If you really to use Process.wait, then you should use the

sleep 0.1 while !Process.get_exitcode(info.process_id)

To simulate Process.wait you can use this approach:

executable file in the security context of the specified credentials.
If the 'with_logon' option is set, then the process runs the specified

before the ProcessInfo struct is returned.
process_handle and the thread_handle are automatically closed for you
If the 'close_handles' option is set to true (the default) then the

* thread_id - Thread ID.
* process_id - Process ID.
* thread_handle - The handle to the primary thread of the process.
* process_handle - The handle to the newly created process.

The ProcessInfo struct contains the following members:

automatically OR'd to the +startf_flags+ value.
is automatically set to true and the Process::STARTF_USESTDHANDLES flag is
If 'stdin', 'stdout' or 'stderr' are specified, then the +inherit+ value

an option for JRuby.
are not currently supported. Unfortunately, setting these is not currently
IO objects or file descriptors (i.e. a fileno). However, StringIO objects
Note that the 'stdin', 'stdout' and 'stderr' options can be either Ruby

* stderr
* stdout
* stdin
* startf_flags
* sw_flags
* fill_attribute
* y_count_chars
* x_count_chars
* y_size
* x_size
* y
* x
* title
* desktop

and the StartupInfo struct on MSDN for more information.
GUI or console processes. See the documentation on CreateProcess()
part of the StartupInfo struct, and are generally only meaningful for
The startup_info key takes a hash. Its keys are attributes that are

mandatory.
of 'with_logon'. If 'with_logon' is set, then the 'password' option is
The 'domain' and 'password' options are only relevent in the context

require an explicit path or extension to work.
be preferred if only one of them is set because it does not (necessarily)
error is raised. Both may be set individually, but 'command_line' should
Of these, the 'command_line' or 'app_name' must be specified or an

* password (default: nil, mandatory if with_logon)
* domain (default: nil)
* with_logon (default: nil)
* close_handles (default: true)
* environment (default: nil)
* startup_info (default: nil)
* cwd (default: Dir.pwd)
* creation_flags (default: 0)
* thread_inherit (default: false)
* process_inherit (default: false)
* inherit (default: false)
* app_name (default: nil)
* command_line (this or app_name must be present)

There are several primary keys:
returning a ProcessInfo struct. It accepts a hash as an argument.
This is a wrapper for the CreateProcess() function. It executes a process,

Process.create(key => value, ...) => ProcessInfo
def create(args)
  unless args.is_a?(Hash)
    raise TypeError, "hash keyword arguments expected"
  end
  valid_keys = %w{
    app_name command_line inherit creation_flags cwd environment
    startup_info thread_inherit process_inherit close_handles with_logon
    domain password
  }
  valid_si_keys = %w{
    startf_flags desktop title x y x_size y_size x_count_chars
    y_count_chars fill_attribute sw_flags stdin stdout stderr
  }
  # Set default values
  hash = {
    "app_name"       => nil,
    "creation_flags" => 0,
    "close_handles"  => true,
  }
  # Validate the keys, and convert symbols and case to lowercase strings.
  args.each { |key, val|
    key = key.to_s.downcase
    unless valid_keys.include?(key)
      raise ArgumentError, "invalid key '#{key}'"
    end
    hash[key] = val
  }
  si_hash = {}
  # If the startup_info key is present, validate its subkeys
  if hash["startup_info"]
    hash["startup_info"].each { |key, val|
      key = key.to_s.downcase
      unless valid_si_keys.include?(key)
        raise ArgumentError, "invalid startup_info key '#{key}'"
      end
      si_hash[key] = val
    }
  end
  # The +command_line+ key is mandatory unless the +app_name+ key
  # is specified.
  unless hash["command_line"]
    if hash["app_name"]
      hash["command_line"] = hash["app_name"]
      hash["app_name"] = nil
    else
      raise ArgumentError, "command_line or app_name must be specified"
    end
  end
  env = nil
  # The env string should be passed as a string of ';' separated paths.
  if hash["environment"]
    env = hash["environment"]
    unless env.respond_to?(:join)
      env = hash["environment"].split(File::PATH_SEPARATOR)
    end
    env = env.map { |e| e + 0.chr }.join("") + 0.chr
    env.to_wide_string! if hash["with_logon"]
  end
  # Process SECURITY_ATTRIBUTE structure
  process_security = nil
  if hash["process_inherit"]
    process_security = SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES.new
    process_security[:nLength] = 12
    process_security[:bInheritHandle] = 1
  end
  # Thread SECURITY_ATTRIBUTE structure
  thread_security = nil
  if hash["thread_inherit"]
    thread_security = SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES.new
    thread_security[:nLength] = 12
    thread_security[:bInheritHandle] = 1
  end
  # Automatically handle stdin, stdout and stderr as either IO objects
  # or file descriptors. This won't work for StringIO, however. It also
  # will not work on JRuby because of the way it handles internal file
  # descriptors.
  #
  %w{stdin stdout stderr}.each { |io|
    if si_hash[io]
      if si_hash[io].respond_to?(:fileno)
        handle = get_osfhandle(si_hash[io].fileno)
      else
        handle = get_osfhandle(si_hash[io])
      end
      if handle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE
        ptr = FFI::MemoryPointer.new(:int)
        if windows_version >= 6 && get_errno(ptr) == 0
          errno = ptr.read_int
        else
          errno = FFI.errno
        end
        raise SystemCallError.new("get_osfhandle", errno)
      end
      # Most implementations of Ruby on Windows create inheritable
      # handles by default, but some do not. RF bug #26988.
      bool = SetHandleInformation(
        handle,
        HANDLE_FLAG_INHERIT,
        HANDLE_FLAG_INHERIT
      )
      raise SystemCallError.new("SetHandleInformation", FFI.errno) unless bool
      si_hash[io] = handle
      si_hash["startf_flags"] ||= 0
      si_hash["startf_flags"] |= STARTF_USESTDHANDLES
      hash["inherit"] = true
    end
  }
  procinfo  = PROCESS_INFORMATION.new
  startinfo = STARTUPINFO.new
  unless si_hash.empty?
    startinfo[:cb]              = startinfo.size
    startinfo[:lpDesktop]       = si_hash["desktop"] if si_hash["desktop"]
    startinfo[:lpTitle]         = si_hash["title"] if si_hash["title"]
    startinfo[:dwX]             = si_hash["x"] if si_hash["x"]
    startinfo[:dwY]             = si_hash["y"] if si_hash["y"]
    startinfo[:dwXSize]         = si_hash["x_size"] if si_hash["x_size"]
    startinfo[:dwYSize]         = si_hash["y_size"] if si_hash["y_size"]
    startinfo[:dwXCountChars]   = si_hash["x_count_chars"] if si_hash["x_count_chars"]
    startinfo[:dwYCountChars]   = si_hash["y_count_chars"] if si_hash["y_count_chars"]
    startinfo[:dwFillAttribute] = si_hash["fill_attribute"] if si_hash["fill_attribute"]
    startinfo[:dwFlags]         = si_hash["startf_flags"] if si_hash["startf_flags"]
    startinfo[:wShowWindow]     = si_hash["sw_flags"] if si_hash["sw_flags"]
    startinfo[:cbReserved2]     = 0
    startinfo[:hStdInput]       = si_hash["stdin"] if si_hash["stdin"]
    startinfo[:hStdOutput]      = si_hash["stdout"] if si_hash["stdout"]
    startinfo[:hStdError]       = si_hash["stderr"] if si_hash["stderr"]
  end
  app = nil
  cmd = nil
  # Convert strings to wide character strings if present
  if hash["app_name"]
    app = hash["app_name"].to_wide_string
  end
  if hash["command_line"]
    cmd = hash["command_line"].to_wide_string
  end
  if hash["cwd"]
    cwd = hash["cwd"].to_wide_string
  end
  if hash["with_logon"]
    logon = hash["with_logon"].to_wide_string
    if hash["password"]
      passwd = hash["password"].to_wide_string
    else
      raise ArgumentError, "password must be specified if with_logon is used"
    end
    if hash["domain"]
      domain = hash["domain"].to_wide_string
    end
    hash["creation_flags"] |= CREATE_UNICODE_ENVIRONMENT
    bool = CreateProcessWithLogonW(
      logon,                  # User
      domain,                 # Domain
      passwd,                 # Password
      LOGON_WITH_PROFILE,     # Logon flags
      app,                    # App name
      cmd,                    # Command line
      hash["creation_flags"], # Creation flags
      env,                    # Environment
      cwd,                    # Working directory
      startinfo,              # Startup Info
      procinfo                # Process Info
    )
    unless bool
      raise SystemCallError.new("CreateProcessWithLogonW", FFI.errno)
    end
  else
    inherit = hash["inherit"] ? 1 : 0
    bool = CreateProcessW(
      app,                    # App name
      cmd,                    # Command line
      process_security,       # Process attributes
      thread_security,        # Thread attributes
      inherit,                # Inherit handles?
      hash["creation_flags"], # Creation flags
      env,                    # Environment
      cwd,                    # Working directory
      startinfo,              # Startup Info
      procinfo                # Process Info
    )
    unless bool
      raise SystemCallError.new("CreateProcess", FFI.errno)
    end
  end
  # Automatically close the process and thread handles in the
  # PROCESS_INFORMATION struct unless explicitly told not to.
  if hash["close_handles"]
    CloseHandle(procinfo[:hProcess])
    CloseHandle(procinfo[:hThread])
  end
  ProcessInfo.new(
    procinfo[:hProcess],
    procinfo[:hThread],
    procinfo[:dwProcessId],
    procinfo[:dwThreadId]
  )
end

def get_affinity(int = Process.pid)


(0..mask).to_a.map{ |n| mask[n] }
mask = Process.get_affinity.first

this approach:
indicating the flag value of each processor, you can use something like
If you want to convert a decimal bit vector into an array of 0's and 1's

Process.get_affinity # => [[9], [15]]
# System has 4 processors, current process only allowed on 1 and 4.

Process.get_affinity # => [[15], [15]], where '15' is 1 + 2 + 4 + 8
# System has 4 processors, current process is allowed to run on all.

Example:

system.
which each bit represents the processors that are configured into a
process is allowed to run on. A system affinity mask is a bit vector in
A process affinity mask is a bit vector indicating the processors that a

containing the system affinity mask. Both are decimal values.
array, with the first containing the process affinity mask, and the second
current process if no pid is provided. The return value is a two element
Returns the process and system affinity mask for the given +pid+, or the
def get_affinity(int = Process.pid)
  pmask = FFI::MemoryPointer.new(:ulong)
  smask = FFI::MemoryPointer.new(:ulong)
  if int == Process.pid
    unless GetProcessAffinityMask(GetCurrentProcess(), pmask, smask)
      raise SystemCallError, FFI.errno, "GetProcessAffinityMask"
    end
  else
    begin
      handle = OpenProcess(PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION, 0 , int)
      if handle == 0
        raise SystemCallError, FFI.errno, "OpenProcess"
      end
      unless GetProcessAffinityMask(handle, pmask, smask)
        raise SystemCallError, FFI.errno, "GetProcessAffinityMask"
      end
    ensure
      CloseHandle(handle)
    end
  end
  [pmask.read_ulong, smask.read_ulong]
end

def get_exitcode(pid)


when stdin, stdout or stderr are set to custom values.
the process isn't recognized as a child process (ECHILD). This happens for example
is still running. The usual way of calling Process.wait doesn't work when
This method is very handy for finding out if a process started with Process.create

is still running. Note that the process doesn't have to be a child process.
Returns the exitcode of the process with given +pid+ or nil if the process
def get_exitcode(pid)
  handle = OpenProcess(PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION, 0, pid)
  if handle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE
    raise SystemCallError.new("OpenProcess", FFI.errno)
  end
  begin
    buf = FFI::MemoryPointer.new(:ulong, 1)
    unless GetExitCodeProcess(handle, buf)
      raise SystemCallError.new("GetExitCodeProcess", FFI.errno)
    end
  ensure
    CloseHandle(handle)
  end
  exitcode = buf.read_int
  if exitcode == STILL_ACTIVE
    nil
  else
    exitcode
  end
end

def get_heap_info(handle)

Return heap info for Process.snapshot
def get_heap_info(handle)
  hash = Hash.new { |h, k| h[k] = [] }
  hl = HEAPLIST32.new
  hl[:dwSize] = hl.size
  if Heap32ListFirst(handle, hl)
    while Heap32ListNext(handle, hl)
      he = HEAPENTRY32.new
      he[:dwSize] = he.size
      if Heap32First(he, Process.pid, hl[:th32HeapID])
        hash[he[:th32ProcessID]] << HeapSnapInfo.new(he[:dwAddress], he[:dwBlockSize], he[:dwFlags], he[:th32ProcessID], he[:th32HeapID])
      else
        if FFI.errno == ERROR_NO_MORE_FILES
          break
        else
          raise SystemCallError.new("Heap32First", FFI.errno)
        end
      end
      hash[he[:th32ProcessID]] << HeapSnapInfo.new(he[:dwAddress], he[:dwBlockSize], he[:dwFlags], he[:th32ProcessID], he[:th32HeapID]) while Heap32Next(he)
    end
  end
  hash
end

def get_module_info(handle)

Return module info for Process.snapshot
def get_module_info(handle)
  hash = Hash.new { |h, k| h[k] = [] }
  me = MODULEENTRY32.new
  me[:dwSize] = me.size
  if Module32First(handle, me)
    hash[me[:th32ProcessID]] << ModuleSnapInfo.new(
      me[:th32ProcessID],
      me[:modBaseAddr].to_i,
      me[:modBaseSize],
      me[:hModule],
      me[:szModule].to_s,
      me[:szExePath].to_s
    )
  else
    if FFI.errno == ERROR_NO_MORE_FILES
      return hash
    else
      raise SystemCallError.new("Module32First", FFI.errno)
    end
  end
  while Module32Next(handle, me)
    hash[me[:th32ProcessID]] << ModuleSnapInfo.new(
      me[:th32ProcessID],
      me[:modBaseAddr].to_i,
      me[:modBaseSize],
      me[:hModule],
      me[:szModule].to_s,
      me[:szExePath].to_s
    )
  end
  hash
end

def get_process_info(handle)

Return process info for Process.snapshot
def get_process_info(handle)
  hash = Hash.new { |h, k| h[k] = [] }
  pe = PROCESSENTRY32.new
  pe[:dwSize] = pe.size
  if Process32First(handle, pe)
    hash[pe[:th32ProcessID]] = ProcessSnapInfo.new(
      pe[:th32ProcessID],
      pe[:cntThreads],
      pe[:th32ParentProcessID],
      pe[:pcPriClassBase],
      pe[:dwFlags],
      pe[:szExeFile].to_s
    )
  else
    if FFI.errno == ERROR_NO_MORE_FILES
      return hash
    else
      raise SystemCallError.new("Process32First", FFI.errno)
    end
  end
  while Process32Next(handle, pe)
    hash[pe[:th32ProcessID]] = ProcessSnapInfo.new(
      pe[:th32ProcessID],
      pe[:cntThreads],
      pe[:th32ParentProcessID],
      pe[:pcPriClassBase],
      pe[:dwFlags],
      pe[:szExeFile].to_s
    )
  end
  hash
end

def get_thread_info(handle, pid = nil)

Return thread info for Process.snapshot
def get_thread_info(handle, pid = nil)
  lpte = THREADENTRY32.new
  lpte[:dwSize] = lpte.size
  hash = Hash.new { |h, k| h[k] = [] }
  if Thread32First(handle, lpte)
    hash[lpte[:th32OwnerProcessID]] << ThreadSnapInfo.new(lpte[:th32ThreadID], lpte[:th32OwnerProcessID], lpte[:tpBasePri])
  else
    if FFI.errno == ERROR_NO_MORE_FILES
      return hash
    else
      raise SystemCallError.new("Thread32First", FFI.errno)
    end
  end
  hash[lpte[:th32OwnerProcessID]] << ThreadSnapInfo.new(lpte[:th32ThreadID], lpte[:th32OwnerProcessID], lpte[:tpBasePri]) while Thread32Next(handle, lpte)
  hash
end

def getpriority(kind, int)


32768 => Process::ABOVE_NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS
16384 => Process::BELOW_NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS
256 => Process::REALTIME_PRIORITY_CLASS
128 => Process::HIGH_PRIORITY_CLASS
64 => Process::IDLE_PRIORITY_CLASS
32 => Process::NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS

Possible return values are:

information, so it is effectively always Process::PRIO_PROCESS.
You can only retrieve process information, not process group or user
The +kind+ parameter is ignored but required for API compatibility.

correspond to higher priority classes.
the default implementation, lower return values do not necessarily
Retrieves the priority class for the specified process id +int+. Unlike
def getpriority(kind, int)
  raise TypeError, kind unless kind.is_a?(Integer) # Match spec
  raise TypeError, int unless int.is_a?(Integer)   # Match spec
  int = Process.pid if int == 0 # Match spec
  handle = OpenProcess(PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION, 0, int)
  if handle == 0
    raise SystemCallError, FFI.errno, "OpenProcess"
  end
  begin
    priority = GetPriorityClass(handle)
    if priority == 0
      raise SystemCallError, FFI.errno, "GetPriorityClass"
    end
  ensure
    CloseHandle(handle)
  end
  priority
end

def getrlimit(resource)


once within the same program would fail.
be associated with the job. In other words, trying to call it more than
it unavailable within the same process again since it would no longer
at the end of the block, while marking it for closure, would also make
to close a job handle. This is necessary because simply calling it
NOTE: Both the getrlimit and setrlimit method use an at_exit handler
--
Process.getrlimit(Process::RLIMIT_VMEM) # => [0, 0]

Example:

If [0,0] is returned then it means no limit has been set.

same.
there is no separate hard and soft limit. The values will always be the
While a two element array is returned in order to comply with the spec,

approximately 4TB (or 4GB if not NTFS).
constant is hard coded to the maximum file size on an NTFS filesystem,
refers to the per process user time limit. The Process::RLIMIT_FSIZE
all refer to the Process memory limit. The Process::RLIMIT_CPU constant
The Process:RLIMIT_AS, Process::RLIMIT_RSS and Process::VMEM constants

Process::RLIMIT_VMEM
Process::RLIMIT_RSS
Process::RLIMIT_AS
Process::RLIMIT_FSIZE
Process::RLIMIT_CPU

of flags are supported.
Gets the resource limit of the current process. Only a limited number
def getrlimit(resource)
  if resource == RLIMIT_FSIZE
    if volume_type == "NTFS"
      return ((1024**4) * 4) - (1024 * 64) # ~ 4TB
    else
      return (1024**3) * 4 # 4 GB
    end
  end
  handle = nil
  in_job = Process.job?
  # Put the current process in a job if it's not already in one
  if in_job && defined?(@win32_process_job_name)
    handle = OpenJobObjectA(JOB_OBJECT_QUERY, 1, @win32_process_job_name)
    raise SystemCallError, FFI.errno, "OpenJobObject" if handle == 0
  else
    @win32_process_job_name = "ruby_" + Process.pid.to_s
    handle = CreateJobObjectA(nil, @win32_process_job_name)
    raise SystemCallError, FFI.errno, "CreateJobObject" if handle == 0
  end
  begin
    unless in_job
      unless AssignProcessToJobObject(handle, GetCurrentProcess())
        raise Error, get_last_error
      end
    end
    ptr = JOBJECT_EXTENDED_LIMIT_INFORMATION.new
    val = nil
    # Set the LimitFlags member of the struct
    case resource
      when RLIMIT_CPU
        ptr[:BasicLimitInformation][:LimitFlags] = JOB_OBJECT_LIMIT_PROCESS_TIME
      when RLIMIT_AS, RLIMIT_VMEM, RLIMIT_RSS
        ptr[:BasicLimitInformation][:LimitFlags] = JOB_OBJECT_LIMIT_PROCESS_MEMORY
      else
        raise ArgumentError, "unsupported resource type: '#{resource}'"
    end
    bool = QueryInformationJobObject(
      handle,
      JobObjectExtendedLimitInformation,
      ptr,
      ptr.size,
      nil
    )
    unless bool
      raise SystemCallError, FFI.errno, "QueryInformationJobObject"
    end
    case resource
      when Process::RLIMIT_CPU
        val = ptr[:BasicLimitInformation][:PerProcessUserTimeLimit][:QuadPart]
      when RLIMIT_AS, RLIMIT_VMEM, RLIMIT_RSS
        val = ptr[:ProcessMemoryLimit]
    end
  ensure
    at_exit { CloseHandle(handle) if handle }
  end
  [val, val]
end

def job?

Returns whether or not the current process is part of a Job (process group).
def job?
  pbool = FFI::MemoryPointer.new(:int)
  IsProcessInJob(GetCurrentProcess(), nil, pbool)
  pbool.read_int == 1 ? true : false
end

def kill(signal, *pids)


Process.kill(1, 12345, :exit_proc => 'ExitProcess', :module => 'kernel32')

Example:

block until the process is actually signaled.
you may specify Process::INFINITE, and your code will
signaled and instead returns immediately. Alternatively,
then the process does not wait if the process is not
actually die. The default is 5ms. If you specify 0 here
:wait_time => The time, in milliseconds, to wait for the process to

The default is 'kernel32'.
:dll_module => The name of the .dll (or .exe) that contains :exit_proc.

is used. The default is 'ExitProcess'.
:exit_proc => The name of the exit function called when signal 1 or 4-8

Possible options for signals 1 and 4-8.

behaves.
allow finer control over how that process is killed and how your program
When using signals 1 or 4-8 you may specify additional options that

same as the default implementation.
chance to do internal cleanup before being killed. Signal 0 behaves the
Signals 1 and 4-8 kill the process more nicely, giving the process a
process harshly, given that process no chance to do any internal cleanup.
a ctrl-c or ctrl-break event, respectively. Signal 9 terminates the
Internally, signals 2 and 3 will generate a console control event, using

behavior.
it kills processes, but this version also gives you finer control over
implementation of Process.kill. The differences mainly reside in the way
Kill a given process with a specific signal. This overrides the default
def kill(signal, *pids)
  # Match the spec, require at least 2 arguments
  if pids.length == 0
    raise ArgumentError, "wrong number of arguments (1 for at least 2)"
  end
  # Match the spec, signal may not be less than zero if numeric
  if signal.is_a?(Numeric) && signal < 0 # EINVAL
    raise SystemCallError.new(22)
  end
  # Match the spec, signal must be a numeric, string or symbol
  unless signal.is_a?(String) || signal.is_a?(Numeric) || signal.is_a?(Symbol)
    raise ArgumentError, "bad signal type #{signal.class}"
  end
  # Match the spec, making an exception for BRK/SIGBRK, if the signal name is invalid.
  # Older versions of JRuby did not include KILL, so we've made an explicit exception
  # for that here, too.
  if signal.is_a?(String) || signal.is_a?(Symbol)
    signal = signal.to_s.sub("SIG", "")
    unless Signal.list.keys.include?(signal) || %w{KILL BRK}.include?(signal)
      raise ArgumentError, "unsupported name '#{signal}'"
    end
  end
  # If the last argument is a hash, pop it and assume it's a hash of options
  if pids.last.is_a?(Hash)
    hash = pids.pop
    opts = {}
    valid = %w{exit_proc dll_module wait_time}
    hash.each { |k, v|
      k = k.to_s.downcase
      unless valid.include?(k)
        raise ArgumentError, "invalid option '#{k}'"
      end
      opts[k] = v
    }
    exit_proc  = opts["exit_proc"]  || "ExitProcess"
    dll_module = opts["dll_module"] || "kernel32"
    wait_time  = opts["wait_time"]  || 5
  else
    wait_time  = 5
    exit_proc  = "ExitProcess"
    dll_module = "kernel32"
  end
  count = 0
  pids.each { |pid|
    raise TypeError unless pid.is_a?(Numeric) # Match spec, pid must be a number
    raise SystemCallError.new(22) if pid < 0  # Match spec, EINVAL if pid less than zero
    sigint = [Signal.list["INT"], "INT", "SIGINT", :INT, :SIGINT, 2]
    # Match the spec
    if pid == 0 && !sigint.include?(signal)
      raise SystemCallError.new(22)
    end
    if signal == 0
      access = PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION | PROCESS_VM_READ
    elsif signal == 9
      access = PROCESS_TERMINATE
    else
      access = PROCESS_ALL_ACCESS
    end
    begin
      handle = OpenProcess(access, 0, pid)
      if signal != 0 && handle == 0
        raise SystemCallError, FFI.errno, "OpenProcess"
      end
      case signal
        when 0
          if handle != 0
            count += 1
          else
            if FFI.errno == ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED
              count += 1
            else
              raise SystemCallError.new(3) # ESRCH
            end
          end
        when Signal.list["INT"], "INT", "SIGINT", :INT, :SIGINT, 2
          if GenerateConsoleCtrlEvent(CTRL_C_EVENT, pid)
            count += 1
          else
            raise SystemCallError.new("GenerateConsoleCtrlEvent", FFI.errno)
          end
        when Signal.list["BRK"], "BRK", "SIGBRK", :BRK, :SIGBRK, 3
          if GenerateConsoleCtrlEvent(CTRL_BREAK_EVENT, pid)
            count += 1
          else
            raise SystemCallError.new("GenerateConsoleCtrlEvent", FFI.errno)
          end
        when Signal.list["KILL"], "KILL", "SIGKILL", :KILL, :SIGKILL, 9
          if TerminateProcess(handle, pid)
            count += 1
          else
            raise SystemCallError.new("TerminateProcess", FFI.errno)
          end
        else
          thread_id = FFI::MemoryPointer.new(:ulong)
          mod = GetModuleHandle(dll_module)
          if mod == 0
            raise SystemCallError.new("GetModuleHandle: '#{dll_module}'", FFI.errno)
          end
          proc_addr = GetProcAddress(mod, exit_proc)
          if proc_addr == 0
            raise SystemCallError.new("GetProcAddress: '#{exit_proc}'", FFI.errno)
          end
          thread = CreateRemoteThread(handle, nil, 0, proc_addr, nil, 0, thread_id)
          if thread > 0
            WaitForSingleObject(thread, wait_time)
            count += 1
          else
            raise SystemCallError.new("CreateRemoteThread", FFI.errno)
          end
      end
    ensure
      CloseHandle(handle) if handle
    end
  }
  count
end

def setpriority(kind, int, int_priority)


* Process::ABOVE_NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS
* Process::BELOW_NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS
* Process::REALTIME_PRIORITY_CLASS
* Process::HIGH_PRIORITY_CLASS
* Process::IDLE_PRIORITY_CLASS
* Process::NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS

Possible +int_priority+ values are:

information, so it is effectively always Process::PRIO_PROCESS.
You can only retrieve process information, not process group or user
The +kind+ parameter is ignored but present for API compatibility.

Sets the priority class for the specified process id +int+.
def setpriority(kind, int, int_priority)
  raise TypeError unless kind.is_a?(Integer)          # Match spec
  raise TypeError unless int.is_a?(Integer)           # Match spec
  raise TypeError unless int_priority.is_a?(Integer)  # Match spec
  int = Process.pid if int == 0                       # Match spec
  handle = OpenProcess(PROCESS_SET_INFORMATION, 0 , int)
  if handle == 0
    raise SystemCallError, FFI.errno, "OpenProcess"
  end
  begin
    unless SetPriorityClass(handle, int_priority)
      raise SystemCallError, FFI.errno, "SetPriorityClass"
    end
  ensure
    CloseHandle(handle)
  end
  0 # Match the spec
end

def setrlimit(resource, current_limit, max_limit = nil)


the interpreter. Consider this method experimental.
WARNING: Exceeding the limit you set with this method could segfault

Process.getrlimit(Process::RLIMIT_VMEM) # => [4096, 4096]
Process.setrlimit(Process::RLIMIT_VMEM, 1024 * 4) # => nil

Example:

It is always set to the current_limit value.
The +max_limit+ parameter is provided for interface compatibility only.

refers to the per process user time limit.
all refer to the Process memory limit. The Process::RLIMIT_CPU constant
The Process:RLIMIT_AS, Process::RLIMIT_RSS and Process::VMEM constants

Process::RLIMIT_VMEM
Process::RLIMIT_RSS
Process::RLIMIT_AS
Process::RLIMIT_CPU

of flags are supported.
Sets the resource limit of the current process. Only a limited number
def setrlimit(resource, current_limit, max_limit = nil)
  max_limit = current_limit
  handle = nil
  in_job = Process.job?
  unless [RLIMIT_AS, RLIMIT_VMEM, RLIMIT_RSS, RLIMIT_CPU].include?(resource)
    raise ArgumentError, "unsupported resource type: '#{resource}'"
  end
  # Put the current process in a job if it's not already in one
  if in_job && defined? @win32_process_job_name
    handle = OpenJobObjectA(JOB_OBJECT_SET_ATTRIBUTES, 1, @win32_process_job_name)
    raise SystemCallError, FFI.errno, "OpenJobObject" if handle == 0
  else
    @win32_process_job_name = "ruby_" + Process.pid.to_s
    handle = CreateJobObjectA(nil, @win32_process_job_name)
    raise SystemCallError, FFI.errno, "CreateJobObject" if handle == 0
  end
  begin
    unless in_job
      unless AssignProcessToJobObject(handle, GetCurrentProcess())
        raise SystemCallError, FFI.errno, "AssignProcessToJobObject"
      end
    end
    ptr = JOBJECT_EXTENDED_LIMIT_INFORMATION.new
    # Set the LimitFlags and relevant members of the struct
    if resource == RLIMIT_CPU
      ptr[:BasicLimitInformation][:LimitFlags] = JOB_OBJECT_LIMIT_PROCESS_TIME
      ptr[:BasicLimitInformation][:PerProcessUserTimeLimit][:QuadPart] = max_limit
    else
      ptr[:BasicLimitInformation][:LimitFlags] = JOB_OBJECT_LIMIT_PROCESS_MEMORY
      ptr[:ProcessMemoryLimit] = max_limit
    end
    bool = SetInformationJobObject(
      handle,
      JobObjectExtendedLimitInformation,
      ptr,
      ptr.size
    )
    unless bool
      raise SystemCallError, FFI.errno, "SetInformationJobObject"
    end
  ensure
    at_exit { CloseHandle(handle) if handle }
  end
end

def snapshot(info_type = "thread")


p Process.snapshot(:process).keys
# Show pids of all running processes

p Process.snapshot(:heap)[Process.pid]
# Get heap info for just the current process

p Process.snapshot(:module)[Process.pid]
# Get module info for just the current process

}
p v
puts "PID: #{pid}"
Process.snapshot.each{ |pid, v|
# Get all thread info

Example:

to you to filter by pid if you wish.
If no argument is provided, then :thread is assumed. Note that it is up

:process => ProcessSnapInfo[:process_id, :threads, :parent_process_id, :priority, :flags, :path]
:module => ModuleSnapInfo[:process_id, :address, :module_size, :handle, :name, :path]
:heap => HeapSnapInfo[:address, :block_size, :flags, :process_id, :heap_id]
:thread => ThreadSnapInfo[:thread_id, :process_id, :base_priority]

type of information they each return is as follows:
+info_type+ parameter. The possible values for +info_type+, and the
that key. The type of information in that array depends on the
with the pid as the key, and an array of information as the value of
Returns a list of process information structs in the form of a hash,
def snapshot(info_type = "thread")
  case info_type.to_s.downcase
    when "thread"
      flag = TH32CS_SNAPTHREAD
    when "heap"
      flag = TH32CS_SNAPHEAPLIST
    when "module"
      flag = TH32CS_SNAPMODULE
    when "process"
      flag = TH32CS_SNAPPROCESS
    else
      raise ArgumentError, "info_type '#{info_type}' unsupported"
  end
  begin
    handle = CreateToolhelp32Snapshot(flag, Process.pid)
    if handle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE
      raise SystemCallError.new("CreateToolhelp32Snapshot", FFI.errno)
    end
    case info_type.to_s.downcase
      when "thread"
        array = get_thread_info(handle)
      when "heap"
        array = get_heap_info(handle)
      when "module"
        array = get_module_info(handle)
      when "process"
        array = get_process_info(handle)
    end
    array
  ensure
    CloseHandle(handle) if handle
  end
end

def uid(sid = false)


The Process.uid method in core Ruby always returns 0 on MS Windows.
--
numeric id is returned (the default).
If +sid+ is set to true, then a binary sid is returned. Otherwise, a

RID of the SID associated with the owner of the process.
Returns the uid of the current process. Specifically, it returns the
def uid(sid = false)
  token = FFI::MemoryPointer.new(:ulong)
  raise TypeError unless sid.is_a?(TrueClass) || sid.is_a?(FalseClass)
  unless OpenProcessToken(GetCurrentProcess(), TOKEN_QUERY, token)
    raise SystemCallError, FFI.errno, "OpenProcessToken"
  end
  token   = token.read_ulong
  rlength = FFI::MemoryPointer.new(:ulong)
  tuser   = 0.chr * 512
  bool = GetTokenInformation(
    token,
    TokenUser,
    tuser,
    tuser.size,
    rlength
  )
  unless bool
    raise SystemCallError, FFI.errno, "GetTokenInformation"
  end
  string_sid = tuser[FFI.type_size(:pointer) * 2, (rlength.read_ulong - FFI.type_size(:pointer) * 2)]
  if sid
    string_sid
  else
    psid = FFI::MemoryPointer.new(:uintptr_t)
    unless ConvertSidToStringSidA(string_sid, psid)
      raise SystemCallError, FFI.errno, "ConvertSidToStringSid"
    end
    psid.read_pointer.read_string.split("-").last.to_i
  end
end

def volume_type

Private method that returns the volume type, e.g. "NTFS", etc.
def volume_type
  buf = FFI::MemoryPointer.new(:char, 32)
  bool = GetVolumeInformationA(nil, nil, 0, nil, nil, nil, buf, buf.size)
  bool ? buf.read_string : nil
end

def windows_version

Private method that returns the Windows major version number.
def windows_version
  ver = OSVERSIONINFO.new
  ver[:dwOSVersionInfoSize] = ver.size
  unless GetVersionExA(ver)
    raise SystemCallError.new("GetVersionEx", FFI.errno)
  end
  ver[:dwMajorVersion]
end