class ActionDispatch::Request

def self.empty 

def self.empty
  new({})
end

def GET

Override Rack's GET method to support indifferent access. 
def GET
  fetch_header("action_dispatch.request.query_parameters") do |k|
    rack_query_params = super || {}
    controller = path_parameters[:controller]
    action = path_parameters[:action]
    rack_query_params = Request::Utils.set_binary_encoding(self, rack_query_params, controller, action)
    # Check for non UTF-8 parameter values, which would cause errors later
    Request::Utils.check_param_encoding(rack_query_params)
    set_header k, Request::Utils.normalize_encode_params(rack_query_params)
  end
rescue Rack::Utils::ParameterTypeError, Rack::Utils::InvalidParameterError, Rack::QueryParser::ParamsTooDeepError => e
  raise ActionController::BadRequest.new("Invalid query parameters: #{e.message}")
end

def POST

Override Rack's POST method to support indifferent access. 
def POST
  fetch_header("action_dispatch.request.request_parameters") do
    pr = parse_formatted_parameters(params_parsers) do |params|
      super || {}
    end
    pr = Request::Utils.set_binary_encoding(self, pr, path_parameters[:controller], path_parameters[:action])
    Request::Utils.check_param_encoding(pr)
    self.request_parameters = Request::Utils.normalize_encode_params(pr)
  end
rescue Rack::Utils::ParameterTypeError, Rack::Utils::InvalidParameterError, Rack::QueryParser::ParamsTooDeepError, EOFError => e
  raise ActionController::BadRequest.new("Invalid request parameters: #{e.message}")
end

def authorization

proxy alternatives.
Returns the authorization header regardless of whether it was specified directly or through one of the 
def authorization
  get_header("HTTP_AUTHORIZATION")   ||
  get_header("X-HTTP_AUTHORIZATION") ||
  get_header("X_HTTP_AUTHORIZATION") ||
  get_header("REDIRECT_X_HTTP_AUTHORIZATION")
end

def body

variable is already set, wrap it in a StringIO.
The request body is an IO input stream. If the RAW_POST_DATA environment 
def body
  if raw_post = get_header("RAW_POST_DATA")
    raw_post = (+raw_post).force_encoding(Encoding::BINARY)
    StringIO.new(raw_post)
  else
    body_stream
  end
end

def body_stream # :nodoc:

:nodoc: 
def body_stream # :nodoc:
  get_header("rack.input")
end

def check_method(name) 

def check_method(name)
  if name
    HTTP_METHOD_LOOKUP[name] || raise(ActionController::UnknownHttpMethod, "#{name}, accepted HTTP methods are #{HTTP_METHODS[0...-1].join(', ')}, and #{HTTP_METHODS[-1]}")
  end
  name
end

def commit_cookie_jar! # :nodoc:

:nodoc: 
def commit_cookie_jar! # :nodoc:
end

def commit_csrf_token 

def commit_csrf_token
  controller_instance.commit_csrf_token(self) if controller_instance.respond_to?(:commit_csrf_token)
end

def commit_flash 

def commit_flash
end

def content_length

Returns the content length of the request as an integer. 
def content_length
  return raw_post.bytesize if headers.key?("Transfer-Encoding")
  super.to_i
end

def controller_class 

def controller_class
  params = path_parameters
  params[:action] ||= "index"
  controller_class_for(params[:controller])
end

def controller_class_for(name) 

def controller_class_for(name)
  if name
    controller_param = name.underscore
    const_name = controller_param.camelize << "Controller"
    begin
      const_name.constantize
    rescue NameError => error
      if error.missing_name == const_name || const_name.start_with?("#{error.missing_name}::")
        raise MissingController.new(error.message, error.name)
      else
        raise
      end
    end
  else
    PASS_NOT_FOUND
  end
end

def controller_instance # :nodoc:

:nodoc: 
def controller_instance # :nodoc:
  get_header("action_controller.instance")
end

def controller_instance=(controller) # :nodoc:

:nodoc: 
def controller_instance=(controller) # :nodoc:
  set_header("action_controller.instance", controller)
end

def default_session 

def default_session
  Session.disabled(self)
end

def engine_script_name(_routes) # :nodoc:

:nodoc: 
def engine_script_name(_routes) # :nodoc:
  get_header(_routes.env_key)
end

def engine_script_name=(name) # :nodoc:

:nodoc: 
def engine_script_name=(name) # :nodoc:
  set_header(routes.env_key, name.dup)
end

def form_data?

+Content-Type+ header is provided and the request_method is POST.
A request body is not assumed to contain form-data when no

+FORM_DATA_MEDIA_TYPES+ array.
list of form-data media types can be modified through the
+application/x-www-form-urlencoded+ or +multipart/form-data+. The
the request +Content-Type+ for one of the media-types:
Determine whether the request body contains form-data by checking 
def form_data?
  FORM_DATA_MEDIA_TYPES.include?(media_type)
end

def fullpath

request.fullpath # => "/articles?page=2"
# get "/articles?page=2"

request.fullpath # => "/articles"
# get "/articles"

Returns the +String+ full path including params of the last URL requested. 
def fullpath
  @fullpath ||= super
end

def headers

request.headers["Content-Type"] # => "text/plain"

Provides access to the request's HTTP headers, for example: 
def headers
  @headers ||= Http::Headers.new(self)
end

def http_auth_salt 

def http_auth_salt
  get_header "action_dispatch.http_auth_salt"
end

def initialize(env) 

def initialize(env)
  super
  @method            = nil
  @request_method    = nil
  @remote_ip         = nil
  @original_fullpath = nil
  @fullpath          = nil
  @ip                = nil
end

def inspect # :nodoc:

:nodoc: 
def inspect # :nodoc:
  "#<#{self.class.name} #{method} #{original_url.dump} for #{remote_ip}>"
end

def ip

Returns the IP address of client as a +String+. 
def ip
  @ip ||= super
end

def key?(key)

request.key? :ip_spoofing_check # => true

Returns true if the request has a header matching the given key parameter. 
def key?(key)
  has_header? key
end

def local?

True if the request came from localhost, 127.0.0.1, or ::1. 
def local?
  LOCALHOST.match?(remote_addr) && LOCALHOST.match?(remote_ip)
end

def logger 

def logger
  get_header("action_dispatch.logger")
end

def media_type

request.media_type # => "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
# get "/articles"

The +String+ MIME type of the request. 
def media_type
  content_mime_type&.to_s
end

def method(*args)

fallback to Object#method
For debugging purposes, when called with arguments this method will

more information.
even if it was overridden by middleware. See #request_method for
Returns the original value of the environment's REQUEST_METHOD, 
def method(*args)
  if args.empty?
    @method ||= check_method(
      get_header("rack.methodoverride.original_method") ||
      get_header("REQUEST_METHOD")
    )
  else
    super
  end
end

def method_symbol

Returns a symbol form of the #method. 
def method_symbol
  HTTP_METHOD_LOOKUP[method]
end

def original_fullpath

request.original_fullpath # => '/foo?bar'
# get '/foo?bar'

request.original_fullpath # => '/foo'
# get '/foo'

Returns a +String+ with the last requested path including their params. 
def original_fullpath
  @original_fullpath ||= (get_header("ORIGINAL_FULLPATH") || fullpath)
end

def original_url

request.original_url # => "http://www.example.com/articles?page=2"
# get "/articles?page=2"

Returns the original request URL as a +String+. 
def original_url
  base_url + original_fullpath
end

def raw_post

work with raw requests directly.
Read the request \body. This is useful for web services that need to 
def raw_post
  unless has_header? "RAW_POST_DATA"
    set_header("RAW_POST_DATA", read_body_stream)
    body_stream.rewind if body_stream.respond_to?(:rewind)
  end
  get_header "RAW_POST_DATA"
end

def read_body_stream 

def read_body_stream
  body_stream.rewind if body_stream.respond_to?(:rewind)
  return body_stream.read if headers.key?("Transfer-Encoding") # Read body stream until EOF if "Transfer-Encoding" is present
  body_stream.read(content_length)
end

def remote_ip

usually set by the RemoteIp middleware.
Returns the IP address of client as a +String+, 
def remote_ip
  @remote_ip ||= (get_header("action_dispatch.remote_ip") || ip).to_s
end

def remote_ip=(remote_ip) 

def remote_ip=(remote_ip)
  @remote_ip = nil
  set_header "action_dispatch.remote_ip", remote_ip
end

def request_id

This relies on the Rack variable set by the ActionDispatch::RequestId middleware.
This unique ID is useful for tracing a request from end-to-end as part of logging or debugging.

(which sets the +action_dispatch.request_id+ environment variable).
be generated by a firewall, load balancer, or web server, or by the RequestId middleware
Returns the unique request id, which is based on either the +X-Request-Id+ header that can 
def request_id
  get_header ACTION_DISPATCH_REQUEST_ID
end

def request_id=(id) # :nodoc:

:nodoc: 
def request_id=(id) # :nodoc:
  set_header ACTION_DISPATCH_REQUEST_ID, id
end

def request_method

value, not the original.
the application should use), this \method returns the overridden
or if a _method parameter was used to determine the \method
(for instance, if a HEAD request was converted to a GET,
In the case where the \method was overridden by a middleware
Returns the HTTP \method that the application should see. 
def request_method
  @request_method ||= check_method(super)
end

def request_method=(request_method) # :nodoc:

:nodoc: 
def request_method=(request_method) # :nodoc:
  if check_method(request_method)
    @request_method = set_header("REQUEST_METHOD", request_method)
  end
end

def request_method_symbol

Returns a symbol form of the #request_method. 
def request_method_symbol
  HTTP_METHOD_LOOKUP[request_method]
end

def request_parameters=(params) 

def request_parameters=(params)
  raise if params.nil?
  set_header("action_dispatch.request.request_parameters", params)
end

def reset_csrf_token 

def reset_csrf_token
  controller_instance.reset_csrf_token(self) if controller_instance.respond_to?(:reset_csrf_token)
end

def reset_session 

def reset_session
  session.destroy
  reset_csrf_token
end

def route_uri_pattern

request.route_uri_pattern # => "/:controller(/:action(/:id))(.:format)"

using the same format as `bin/rails routes`:
Returns the URI pattern of the matched route for the request, 
def route_uri_pattern
  get_header("action_dispatch.route_uri_pattern")
end

def route_uri_pattern=(pattern) # :nodoc:

:nodoc: 
def route_uri_pattern=(pattern) # :nodoc:
  set_header("action_dispatch.route_uri_pattern", pattern)
end

def routes # :nodoc:

:nodoc: 
def routes # :nodoc:
  get_header("action_dispatch.routes")
end

def routes=(routes) # :nodoc:

:nodoc: 
def routes=(routes) # :nodoc:
  set_header("action_dispatch.routes", routes)
end

def send_early_hints(links)

Early Hints headers are included by default if supported.
If you are using +javascript_include_tag+ or +stylesheet_link_tag+ the

send_early_hints("Link" => "; rel=preload; as=style\n; rel=preload")

The +send_early_hints+ method accepts a hash of links as follows:

If the env contains +rack.early_hints+ then the server accepts HTTP2 push for Link headers.

making preparations for processing the final response.
Early Hints is an HTTP/2 status code that indicates hints to help a client start 
def send_early_hints(links)
  return unless env["rack.early_hints"]
  env["rack.early_hints"].call(links)
end

def server_software

Returns the lowercase name of the HTTP server software. 
def server_software
  (get_header("SERVER_SOFTWARE") && /^([a-zA-Z]+)/ =~ get_header("SERVER_SOFTWARE")) ? $1.downcase : nil
end

def session=(session) # :nodoc:

:nodoc: 
def session=(session) # :nodoc:
  Session.set self, session
end

def session_options=(options) 

def session_options=(options)
  Session::Options.set self, options
end

def xml_http_request?

choice of JavaScript libraries and frameworks.
(case-insensitive), which may need to be manually added depending on the
Returns true if the +X-Requested-With+ header contains "XMLHttpRequest" 
def xml_http_request?
  /XMLHttpRequest/i.match?(get_header("HTTP_X_REQUESTED_WITH"))
end