module ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::DatabaseStatements

def add_limit!(sql, options)

Alias for add_limit_offset!.
def add_limit!(sql, options)
  add_limit_offset!(sql, options) if options
end

def add_limit_offset!(sql, options)

SELECT * FROM suppliers LIMIT 10 OFFSET 50
generates
add_limit_offset!('SELECT * FROM suppliers', {:limit => 10, :offset => 50})
===== Examples

This method *modifies* the +sql+ parameter.

and an +:offset+ option (optional).
+options+ must be a Hash which contains a +:limit+ option (required)

fragment that has the same semantics as LIMIT and OFFSET.
Appends +LIMIT+ and +OFFSET+ options to an SQL statement, or some SQL
def add_limit_offset!(sql, options)
  if limit = options[:limit]
    sql << " LIMIT #{sanitize_limit(limit)}"
    if offset = options[:offset]
      sql << " OFFSET #{offset.to_i}"
    end
  end
  sql
end

def add_lock!(sql, options)

add_lock! 'SELECT * FROM suppliers', :lock => ' FOR UPDATE'
add_lock! 'SELECT * FROM suppliers', :lock => true
# SELECT * FROM suppliers FOR UPDATE
This method *modifies* the +sql+ parameter.
Appends a locking clause to an SQL statement.
def add_lock!(sql, options)
  case lock = options[:lock]
    when true;   sql << ' FOR UPDATE'
    when String; sql << " #{lock}"
  end
end

def begin_db_transaction() end

Begins the transaction (and turns off auto-committing).
def begin_db_transaction()    end

def case_sensitive_equality_operator

def case_sensitive_equality_operator
  "="
end

def commit_db_transaction() end

Commits the transaction (and turns on auto-committing).
def commit_db_transaction()   end

def default_sequence_name(table, column)

def default_sequence_name(table, column)
  nil
end

def delete(sql, name = nil)

Executes the delete statement and returns the number of rows affected.
def delete(sql, name = nil)
  delete_sql(sql, name)
end

def delete_sql(sql, name = nil)

Executes the delete statement and returns the number of rows affected.
def delete_sql(sql, name = nil)
  update_sql(sql, name)
end

def empty_insert_statement(table_name)

def empty_insert_statement(table_name)
  "INSERT INTO #{quote_table_name(table_name)} VALUES(DEFAULT)"
end

def execute(sql, name = nil, skip_logging = false)

Executes the SQL statement in the context of this connection.
def execute(sql, name = nil, skip_logging = false)
end

def insert(sql, name = nil, pk = nil, id_value = nil, sequence_name = nil)

Returns the last auto-generated ID from the affected table.
def insert(sql, name = nil, pk = nil, id_value = nil, sequence_name = nil)
  insert_sql(sql, name, pk, id_value, sequence_name)
end

def insert_fixture(fixture, table_name)

something beyond a simple insert (eg. Oracle).
Inserts the given fixture into the table. Overridden in adapters that require
def insert_fixture(fixture, table_name)
  execute "INSERT INTO #{quote_table_name(table_name)} (#{fixture.key_list}) VALUES (#{fixture.value_list})", 'Fixture Insert'
end

def insert_sql(sql, name = nil, pk = nil, id_value = nil, sequence_name = nil)

Returns the last auto-generated ID from the affected table.
def insert_sql(sql, name = nil, pk = nil, id_value = nil, sequence_name = nil)
  execute(sql, name)
  id_value
end

def limited_update_conditions(where_sql, quoted_table_name, quoted_primary_key)

def limited_update_conditions(where_sql, quoted_table_name, quoted_primary_key)
  "WHERE #{quoted_primary_key} IN (SELECT #{quoted_primary_key} FROM #{quoted_table_name} #{where_sql})"
end

def outside_transaction?

only the PostgreSQL adapter supports this.
Not all adapters supports transaction state introspection. Currently,

transaction active, and nil if this information is unknown.
Returns true if there is no transaction active, false if there is a

friends.
house-keeping information recorded by #increment_open_transactions and
by querying the database driver, and does not use the transaction
Checks whether there is currently no transaction active. This is done
def outside_transaction?
  nil
end

def reset_sequence!(table, column, sequence = nil)

Set the sequence to the max value of the table's column.
def reset_sequence!(table, column, sequence = nil)
  # Do nothing by default.  Implement for PostgreSQL, Oracle, ...
end

def rollback_db_transaction() end

done if the transaction block raises an exception or returns false.
Rolls back the transaction (and turns on auto-committing). Must be
def rollback_db_transaction() end

def sanitize_limit(limit)

string which contains a comma-delimited list of integers.
Returns the sanitized limit parameter, either as an integer, or as a

should look like an integer, or a comma-delimited list of integers.
+limit+ may be anything that can evaluate to a string via #to_s. It

Sanitizes the given LIMIT parameter in order to prevent SQL injection.
def sanitize_limit(limit)
  if limit.to_s =~ /,/
    limit.to_s.split(',').map{ |i| i.to_i }.join(',')
  else
    limit.to_i
  end
end

def select(sql, name = nil)

column values as values.
Returns an array of record hashes with the column names as keys and
def select(sql, name = nil)
end

def select_all(sql, name = nil)

column values as values.
Returns an array of record hashes with the column names as keys and
def select_all(sql, name = nil)
  select(sql, name)
end

def select_one(sql, name = nil)

as values.
Returns a record hash with the column names as keys and column values
def select_one(sql, name = nil)
  result = select_all(sql, name)
  result.first if result
end

def select_rows(sql, name = nil)

Order is the same as that returned by +columns+.
Returns an array of arrays containing the field values.
def select_rows(sql, name = nil)
end

def select_value(sql, name = nil)

Returns a single value from a record
def select_value(sql, name = nil)
  if result = select_one(sql, name)
    result.values.first
  end
end

def select_values(sql, name = nil)

select_values("SELECT id FROM companies LIMIT 3") => [1,2,3]
Returns an array of the values of the first column in a select:
def select_values(sql, name = nil)
  result = select_rows(sql, name)
  result.map { |v| v[0] }
end

def transaction(options = {})

end
end # RELEASE SAVEPOINT active_record_1 <--- BOOM! database error!
# active_record_1 now automatically released
Model.connection.create_table(...)
Model.connection.transaction(:requires_new => true) do # CREATE SAVEPOINT active_record_1
Model.connection.transaction do # BEGIN

already-automatically-released savepoints:
#transaction will raise exceptions when it tries to release the
a #transaction call that you know might create a savepoint. Otherwise,
This means that, on MySQL, you shouldn't execute DDL operations inside

then the savepoint that was created will be automatically released.
if you've created a savepoint, then you execute a CREATE TABLE statement,
then any created savepoints will be automatically released. For example,
MySQL doesn't support DDL transactions. If you perform a DDL operation,

=== Caveats

database savepoint acting as a sub-transaction.
- However, if +:requires_new+ is set, the block will be wrapped in a
open database transaction.
that happen within the block are effectively appended to the already
- The block will be run without doing anything. All database statements

of a nested call, #transaction will behave as follows:
i.e. if #transaction is called within another #transaction block. In case
It is safe to call this method if a database transaction is already open,

Savepoints are supported by MySQL and PostgreSQL, but not SQLite3.
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/savepoints.html
of nested transactions, by using savepoints:
In order to get around this problem, #transaction will emulate the effect

we're aware of, is MS-SQL.
writing, the only database that supports true nested transactions that
Most databases don't support true nested transactions. At the time of

== Nested transactions support

of the block.
Runs the given block in a database transaction, and returns the result
def transaction(options = {})
  options.assert_valid_keys :requires_new, :joinable
  last_transaction_joinable = @transaction_joinable
  if options.has_key?(:joinable)
    @transaction_joinable = options[:joinable]
  else
    @transaction_joinable = true
  end
  requires_new = options[:requires_new] || !last_transaction_joinable
  transaction_open = false
  begin
    if block_given?
      if requires_new || open_transactions == 0
        if open_transactions == 0
          begin_db_transaction
        elsif requires_new
          create_savepoint
        end
        increment_open_transactions
        transaction_open = true
      end
      yield
    end
  rescue Exception => database_transaction_rollback
    if transaction_open && !outside_transaction?
      transaction_open = false
      decrement_open_transactions
      if open_transactions == 0
        rollback_db_transaction
      else
        rollback_to_savepoint
      end
    end
    raise unless database_transaction_rollback.is_a?(ActiveRecord::Rollback)
  end
ensure
  @transaction_joinable = last_transaction_joinable
  if outside_transaction?
    @open_transactions = 0
  elsif transaction_open
    decrement_open_transactions
    begin
      if open_transactions == 0
        commit_db_transaction
      else
        release_savepoint
      end
    rescue Exception => database_transaction_rollback
      if open_transactions == 0
        rollback_db_transaction
      else
        rollback_to_savepoint
      end
      raise
    end
  end
end

def update(sql, name = nil)

Executes the update statement and returns the number of rows affected.
def update(sql, name = nil)
  update_sql(sql, name)
end

def update_sql(sql, name = nil)

Executes the update statement and returns the number of rows affected.
def update_sql(sql, name = nil)
  execute(sql, name)
end