class Protocol::HPACK::Decompressor

def read_header
	pattern = peek_byte
	header = {}
	type = nil
	# (pattern & MASK_SHIFT_4) clears bottom 4 bits,
	# equivalent to (pattern >> 4) << 4. For the
	# no-index and never-indexed type we only need to clear
	# the bottom 4 bits (as specified by NO_INDEX_TYPE[:prefix])
	# so we directly check against NO_INDEX_TYPE[:pattern].
	# But for change-table-size, incremental, and indexed
	# we must clear 5,6, and 7 bits respectively.
	# Consider indexed where we need to clear 7 bits.
	# Since (pattern & MASK_SHIFT_4)'s bottom 4 bits are cleared
	# you can visualize it as
	#
	# INDEXED_TYPE[:pattern] = <some bits>      0  0  0  0 0 0 0
	#                                           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 7 bits
	# (pattern & MASK_SHIFT_4) = <pattern bits> b1 b2 b3 0 0 0 0
	#
	# Computing equality after masking bottom 7 bits (i.e., set b1 = b2 = b3 = 0)
	# is the same as checking equality against
	#                 <some bits> x1 x2 x3 0 0 0 0
	# For *every* possible value of x1, x2, x3 (that is, 2^3 = 8 values).
	# INDEXED_TYPE[:pattern] = 0x80, so we check against 0x80, 0x90 = 0x80 + (0b001 << 4)
	# 0xa0 = 0x80 + (0b001 << 5), ..., 0xf0 = 0x80 + (0b111 << 4).
	# While not the most readable, we have written out everything as constant literals
	# so Ruby can optimize this case-when to a hash lookup.
	#
	# There's no else case as this list is exhaustive.
	# (0..255).map { |x| (x & -16).to_s(16) }.uniq will show this
	case (pattern & MASK_SHIFT_4)
	when 0x00
		header[:type] = :no_index
		type = NO_INDEX_TYPE
	when 0x10
		header[:type] = :never_indexed
		type = NEVER_INDEXED_TYPE
	# checking if (pattern >> 5) << 5 == 0x20
	# Since we cleared bottom 4 bits, the 5th
	# bit can be either 0 or 1, so check both
	# cases.
	when 0x20, 0x30
		header[:type] = :change_table_size
		type = CHANGE_TABLE_SIZE_TYPE
	# checking if (pattern >> 6) << 6 == 0x40
	# Same logic as above, but now over the 4
	# possible combinations of 2 bits (5th, 6th)
	when 0x40, 0x50, 0x60, 0x70
		header[:type] = :incremental
		type = INCREMENTAL_TYPE
	# checking if (pattern >> 7) << 7 == 0x80
	when 0x80, 0x90, 0xa0, 0xb0, 0xc0, 0xd0, 0xe0, 0xf0
		header[:type] = :indexed
		type = INDEXED_TYPE
	end
	header_name = read_integer(type[:prefix])
	case header[:type]
	when :indexed
		raise CompressionError if header_name.zero?
		header[:name] = header_name - 1
	when :change_table_size
		header[:name] = header_name
		header[:value] = header_name
		
		if @table_size_limit and header[:value] > @table_size_limit
			raise CompressionError, "Table size #{header[:value]} exceeds limit #{@table_size_limit}!"
		end
	else
		if header_name.zero?
			header[:name] = read_string
		else
			header[:name] = header_name - 1
		end
		
		header[:value] = read_string
	end
	return header
end