class Arel::Visitors::SQLite

def infix_value_with_paren(o, collector, value, suppress_parens = false)

because it is an invalid syntax in SQLite.
Queries used in UNION should not be wrapped by parentheses,
def infix_value_with_paren(o, collector, value, suppress_parens = false)
  collector << "( " unless suppress_parens
  left = o.left.is_a?(Nodes::Grouping) ? o.left.expr : o.left
  collector = if left.class == o.class
    infix_value_with_paren(left, collector, value, true)
  else
    grouping_parentheses left, collector, false
  end
  collector << value
  right = o.right.is_a?(Nodes::Grouping) ? o.right.expr : o.right
  collector = if right.class == o.class
    infix_value_with_paren(right, collector, value, true)
  else
    grouping_parentheses right, collector, false
  end
  collector << " )" unless suppress_parens
  collector
end

def visit_Arel_Nodes_False(o, collector)

def visit_Arel_Nodes_False(o, collector)
  collector << "0"
end

def visit_Arel_Nodes_IsDistinctFrom(o, collector)

def visit_Arel_Nodes_IsDistinctFrom(o, collector)
  collector = visit o.left, collector
  collector << " IS NOT "
  visit o.right, collector
end

def visit_Arel_Nodes_IsNotDistinctFrom(o, collector)

def visit_Arel_Nodes_IsNotDistinctFrom(o, collector)
  collector = visit o.left, collector
  collector << " IS "
  visit o.right, collector
end

def visit_Arel_Nodes_Lock(o, collector)

Locks are not supported in SQLite
def visit_Arel_Nodes_Lock(o, collector)
  collector
end

def visit_Arel_Nodes_SelectStatement(o, collector)

def visit_Arel_Nodes_SelectStatement(o, collector)
  o.limit = Arel::Nodes::Limit.new(-1) if o.offset && !o.limit
  super
end

def visit_Arel_Nodes_True(o, collector)

def visit_Arel_Nodes_True(o, collector)
  collector << "1"
end