module Arel

def self.arel_node?(value) # :nodoc:

:nodoc: 
def self.arel_node?(value) # :nodoc:
  value.is_a?(Arel::Nodes::Node) || value.is_a?(Arel::Attribute) || value.is_a?(Arel::Nodes::SqlLiteral)
end

def self.fetch_attribute(value, &block) # :nodoc:

:nodoc: 
def self.fetch_attribute(value, &block) # :nodoc:
  unless String === value
    value.fetch_attribute(&block)
  end
end

def self.sql(sql_string, *positional_binds, retryable: false, **named_binds)

more than once.
Use this option only if the SQL is idempotent, as it could be executed
The +:retryable+ option can be used to mark the SQL as safe to retry.

special meaning, and will be passed through to the query as-is.
supplied in the call; without them, the placeholder tokens have no
that this behavior only applies when bind value parameters are
+:key+ placeholders, corresponding to the additional arguments. Note
use of user-provided values, the +sql_string+ may contain ? and
To construct a more complex query fragment, including the possible

for more information.
Take a look at the {security guide}[https://guides.rubyonrails.org/security.html#sql-injection]

parameters or model attributes.
This method should not be used with unsafe values such as request
Great caution should be taken to avoid SQL injection vulnerabilities.

Post.order(Arel.sql("REPLACE(title, 'misc', 'zzzz') asc")).pluck(:id)

Wrap a known-safe SQL string for passing to query methods, e.g. 
def self.sql(sql_string, *positional_binds, retryable: false, **named_binds)
  if positional_binds.empty? && named_binds.empty?
    Arel::Nodes::SqlLiteral.new(sql_string, retryable: retryable)
  else
    Arel::Nodes::BoundSqlLiteral.new sql_string, positional_binds, named_binds
  end
end

def self.star # :nodoc:

:nodoc: 
def self.star # :nodoc:
  sql("*", retryable: true)
end