module ActiveRecord::Transactions

def add_to_transaction(ensure_finalize = true)

callbacks can be called.
Add the record to the current transaction so that the #after_rollback and #after_commit 
def add_to_transaction(ensure_finalize = true)
  self.class.with_connection do |connection|
    connection.add_transaction_record(self, ensure_finalize)
  end
end

def before_committed! # :nodoc:

:nodoc: 
def before_committed! # :nodoc:
  _run_before_commit_callbacks
end

def clear_transaction_record_state

Clear the new record state and id of a record. 
def clear_transaction_record_state
  return unless @_start_transaction_state
  @_start_transaction_state[:level] -= 1
  @_start_transaction_state = nil if @_start_transaction_state[:level] < 1
end

def committed!(should_run_callbacks: true) # :nodoc:

:nodoc:
but call it after the commit of a destroyed object.
Ensure that it is not called if the object was never persisted (failed create),

Call the #after_commit callbacks. 
def committed!(should_run_callbacks: true) # :nodoc:
  @_start_transaction_state = nil
  if should_run_callbacks
    @_committed_already_called = true
    _run_commit_callbacks
  end
ensure
  @_committed_already_called = @_trigger_update_callback = @_trigger_destroy_callback = false
end

def destroy # :nodoc:

:nodoc: 
def destroy # :nodoc:
  with_transaction_returning_status { super }
end

def has_transactional_callbacks? 

def has_transactional_callbacks?
  !_rollback_callbacks.empty? || !_commit_callbacks.empty? || !_before_commit_callbacks.empty?
end

def init_internals 

def init_internals
  super
  @_start_transaction_state = nil
  @_committed_already_called = nil
  @_new_record_before_last_commit = nil
end

def remember_transaction_record_state

Save the new record state and id of a record so it can be restored later if a transaction fails. 
def remember_transaction_record_state
  @_start_transaction_state ||= {
    id: id,
    new_record: @new_record,
    previously_new_record: @previously_new_record,
    destroyed: @destroyed,
    attributes: @attributes,
    frozen?: frozen?,
    level: 0
  }
  @_start_transaction_state[:level] += 1
  if _committed_already_called
    @_new_record_before_last_commit = false
  else
    @_new_record_before_last_commit = @_start_transaction_state[:new_record]
  end
end

def restore_transaction_record_state(force_restore_state = false)

Restore the new record state and id of a record that was previously saved by a call to save_record_state. 
def restore_transaction_record_state(force_restore_state = false)
  if restore_state = @_start_transaction_state
    if force_restore_state || restore_state[:level] <= 1
      @new_record = restore_state[:new_record]
      @previously_new_record = restore_state[:previously_new_record]
      @destroyed  = restore_state[:destroyed]
      @attributes = restore_state[:attributes].map do |attr|
        value = @attributes.fetch_value(attr.name)
        attr = attr.with_value_from_user(value) if attr.value != value
        attr
      end
      @mutations_from_database = nil
      @mutations_before_last_save = nil
      if self.class.composite_primary_key?
        if restore_state[:id] != @primary_key.map { |col| @attributes.fetch_value(col) }
          @primary_key.zip(restore_state[:id]).each do |col, val|
            @attributes.write_from_user(col, val)
          end
        end
      else
        if @attributes.fetch_value(@primary_key) != restore_state[:id]
          @attributes.write_from_user(@primary_key, restore_state[:id])
        end
      end
      freeze if restore_state[:frozen?]
    end
  end
end

def rolledback!(force_restore_state: false, should_run_callbacks: true) # :nodoc:

:nodoc:
state should be rolled back to the beginning or just to the last savepoint.
Call the #after_rollback callbacks. The +force_restore_state+ argument indicates if the record 
def rolledback!(force_restore_state: false, should_run_callbacks: true) # :nodoc:
  if should_run_callbacks
    _run_rollback_callbacks
  end
ensure
  restore_transaction_record_state(force_restore_state)
  clear_transaction_record_state
  @_trigger_update_callback = @_trigger_destroy_callback = false if force_restore_state
end

def save(**) # :nodoc:

:nodoc: 
def save(**) # :nodoc:
  with_transaction_returning_status { super }
end

def save!(**) # :nodoc:

:nodoc: 
def save!(**) # :nodoc:
  with_transaction_returning_status { super }
end

def touch(*, **) # :nodoc:

:nodoc: 
def touch(*, **) # :nodoc:
  with_transaction_returning_status { super }
end

def transaction(**options, &block)

See ActiveRecord::Transactions::ClassMethods for detailed documentation. 
def transaction(**options, &block)
  self.class.transaction(**options, &block)
end

def transaction_include_any_action?(actions)

Determine if a transaction included an action for :create, :update, or :destroy. Used in filtering callbacks. 
def transaction_include_any_action?(actions)
  actions.any? do |action|
    case action
    when :create
      persisted? && @_new_record_before_last_commit
    when :update
      !(@_new_record_before_last_commit || destroyed?) && _trigger_update_callback
    when :destroy
      _trigger_destroy_callback
    end
  end
end

def trigger_transactional_callbacks? # :nodoc:

:nodoc: 
def trigger_transactional_callbacks? # :nodoc:
  (@_new_record_before_last_commit || _trigger_update_callback) && persisted? ||
    _trigger_destroy_callback && destroyed?
end

def with_transaction_returning_status

instance.
This method is available within the context of an ActiveRecord::Base

otherwise a ROLLBACK is issued. In any case, the status flag is returned.
status flag. If the status is true, the transaction is committed,
Executes a block within a transaction and captures its return value as a 
def with_transaction_returning_status
  self.class.with_connection do |connection|
    status = nil
    ensure_finalize = !connection.transaction_open?
    connection.transaction do
      add_to_transaction(ensure_finalize || has_transactional_callbacks?)
      remember_transaction_record_state
      status = yield
      raise ActiveRecord::Rollback unless status
    end
    status
  end
end