# frozen-string-literal: true
#
class Roda
module RodaPlugins
# The chunked plugin allows you to stream rendered views to clients.
# This can significantly improve performance of page rendering on the
# client, as it flushes the headers and top part of the layout template
# (generally containing references to the stylesheet and javascript assets)
# before rendering the content template.
#
# This allows the client to fetch the assets while the template is still
# being rendered. Additionally, this plugin makes it easy to defer
# executing code required to render the content template until after
# the top part of the layout has been flushed, so the client can fetch the
# assets while the application is still doing the necessary processing in
# order to render the content template, such as retrieving values from a
# database.
#
# There are a couple disadvantages of streaming. First is that the layout
# must be rendered before the content, so any state changes made in your
# content template will not affect the layout template. Second, error
# handling is reduced, since if an error occurs while rendering a template,
# a successful response code has already been sent.
#
# To use chunked encoding for a response, just call the chunked method
# instead of view:
#
# r.root do
# chunked(:index)
# end
#
# If you want to execute code after flushing the top part of the layout
# template, but before rendering the content template, pass a block to
# chunked:
#
# r.root do
# chunked(:index) do
# # expensive calculation here
# end
# end
#
# You can also call delay manually with a block, and the execution of the
# block will be delayed until rendering the content template. This is
# useful if you want to delay execution for all routes under a branch:
#
# r.on 'albums', Integer do |album_id|
# delay do
# @album = Album[album_id]
# end
# r.get 'info' do
# chunked(:info)
# end
# r.get 'tracks' do
# chunked(:tracks)
# end
# end
#
# If you want to chunk all responses, pass the :chunk_by_default option
# when loading the plugin:
#
# plugin :chunked, chunk_by_default: true
#
# then you can just use the normal view method:
#
# r.root do
# view(:index)
# end
#
# and it will chunk the response. Note that you still need to call
# chunked if you want to pass a block of code to be executed after flushing
# the layout and before rendering the content template. Also, before you
# enable chunking by default, you need to make sure that none of your
# content templates make state changes that affect the layout template.
# Additionally, make sure nowhere in your app are you doing any processing
# after the call to view.
#
# If you use :chunk_by_default, but want to turn off chunking for a view,
# call no_chunk!:
#
# r.root do
# no_chunk!
# view(:index)
# end
#
# Inside your layout or content templates, you can call the flush method
# to flush the current result of the template to the user, useful for
# streaming large datasets.
#
# <% (1..100).each do |i| %>
# <%= i %>
# <% sleep 0.1 %>
# <% flush %>
# <% end %>
#
# Note that you should not call flush from inside subtemplates of the
# content or layout templates, unless you are also calling flush directly
# before rendering the subtemplate, and also directly injecting the
# subtemplate into the current template without modification. So if you
# are using the above template code in a subtemplate, in your content
# template you should do:
#
# <% flush %><%= render(:subtemplate) %>
#
# If you want to use chunked encoding when rendering a template, but don't
# want to use a layout, pass the <tt>layout: false</tt> option to chunked.
#
# r.root do
# chunked(:index, layout: false)
# end
#
# In order to handle errors in chunked responses, you can override the
# handle_chunk_error method:
#
# def handle_chunk_error(e)
# env['rack.logger'].error(e)
# end
#
# It is possible to set @_out_buf to an error notification and call
# flush to output the message to the client inside handle_chunk_error.
#
# In order for chunking to work, you must make sure that no proxies between
# the application and the client buffer responses.
#
# If you are using nginx and have it set to buffer proxy responses by
# default, you can turn this off on a per response basis using the
# X-Accel-Buffering header. To set this header or similar headers for
# all chunked responses, pass a :headers option when loading the plugin:
#
# plugin :chunked, headers: {'X-Accel-Buffering'=>'no'}
#
# By default, this plugin does not use Transfer-Encoding: chunked, it only
# returns a body that will stream the response in chunks. If you would like
# to force the use of Transfer-Encoding: chunked, you can use the
# :force_chunked_encoding plugin option. If using the
# :force_chunked_encoding plugin option, chunking will only be used for
# HTTP/1.1 requests since Transfer-Encoding: chunked is only supported
# in HTTP/1.1 (non-HTTP/1.1 requests will have behavior similar to
# calling no_chunk!).
#
# The chunked plugin requires the render plugin, and only works for
# template engines that store their template output variable in
# @_out_buf. Also, it only works if the content template is directly
# injected into the layout template without modification.
#
# If using the chunked plugin with the flash plugin, make sure you
# call the flash method early in your route block. If the flash
# method is not called until template rendering, the flash may not be
# rotated.
module Chunked
# Depend on the render plugin
def self.load_dependencies(app, opts=OPTS)
app.plugin :render
end
# Set plugin specific options. Options:
# :chunk_by_default :: chunk all calls to view by default
# :headers :: Set default additional headers to use when calling view
def self.configure(app, opts=OPTS)
app.opts[:chunk_by_default] = opts[:chunk_by_default]
app.opts[:force_chunked_encoding] = opts[:force_chunked_encoding]
if opts[:headers]
app.opts[:chunk_headers] = (app.opts[:chunk_headers] || {}).merge(opts[:headers]).freeze
end
end
# Rack response body instance for chunked responses using
# Transfer-Encoding: chunked.
class Body
# Save the scope of the current request handling.
def initialize(scope)
@scope = scope
end
# For each response chunk yielded by the scope,
# yield it it to the caller in chunked format, starting
# with the size of the request in ASCII hex format, then
# the chunk. After all chunks have been yielded, yield
# a 0 sized chunk to finish the response.
def each
@scope.each_chunk do |chunk|
next if !chunk || chunk.empty?
yield("%x\r\n" % chunk.bytesize)
yield(chunk)
yield("\r\n")
end
ensure
yield("0\r\n\r\n")
end
end
# Rack response body instance for chunked responses not
# using Transfer-Encoding: chunked.
class StreamBody
# Save the scope of the current request handling.
def initialize(scope)
@scope = scope
end
# Yield each non-empty chunk as the body.
def each(&block)
@scope.each_chunk do |chunk|
yield chunk if chunk && !chunk.empty?
end
end
end
module InstanceMethods
# Disable chunking for the current request. Mostly useful when
# chunking is turned on by default.
def no_chunk!
@_chunked = false
end
# If chunking by default, call chunked if it hasn't yet been
# called and chunking is not specifically disabled.
def view(*a)
if opts[:chunk_by_default] && !defined?(@_chunked) && !defined?(yield)
chunked(*a)
else
super
end
end
# Render a response to the user in chunks. See Chunked for
# an overview. If a block is given, it is passed to #delay.
def chunked(template, opts=OPTS, &block)
unless defined?(@_chunked)
@_chunked = !self.opts[:force_chunked_encoding] || @_request.http_version == "HTTP/1.1"
end
if block
delay(&block)
end
unless @_chunked
# If chunking is disabled, do a normal rendering of the view.
run_delayed_blocks
return view(template, opts)
end
if template.is_a?(Hash)
if opts.empty?
opts = template
else
opts = Hash[opts].merge!(template)
end
end
# Hack so that the arguments don't need to be passed
# through the response and body objects.
@_each_chunk_args = [template, opts]
res = response
headers = res.headers
if chunk_headers = self.opts[:chunk_headers]
headers.merge!(chunk_headers)
end
if self.opts[:force_chunked_encoding]
res[RodaResponseHeaders::TRANSFER_ENCODING] = 'chunked'
body = Body.new(self)
else
body = StreamBody.new(self)
end
throw :halt, res.finish_with_body(body)
end
# Delay the execution of the block until right before the
# content template is to be rendered.
def delay(&block)
raise RodaError, "must pass a block to Roda#delay" unless block
(@_delays ||= []) << block
end
# Yield each chunk of the template rendering separately.
def each_chunk
response.body.each{|s| yield s}
template, opts = @_each_chunk_args
# Use a lambda for the flusher, so that a call to flush
# by a template can result in this method yielding a chunk
# of the response.
@_flusher = lambda do
yield @_out_buf
@_out_buf = String.new
end
if layout_opts = view_layout_opts(opts)
@_out_buf = render_template(layout_opts) do
flush
run_delayed_blocks
yield opts[:content] || render_template(template, opts)
nil
end
else
run_delayed_blocks
yield view(template, opts)
end
flush
rescue => e
handle_chunk_error(e)
end
# By default, raise the exception.
def handle_chunk_error(e)
raise e
end
# Call the flusher if one is defined. If one is not defined, this
# is a no-op, so flush can be used inside views without breaking
# things if chunking is not used.
def flush
@_flusher.call if @_flusher
end
private
# Run all delayed blocks
def run_delayed_blocks
return unless @_delays
@_delays.each(&:call)
end
end
end
register_plugin(:chunked, Chunked)
end
end