require 'net/ssh/transport/openssl'
require 'net/ssh/authentication/certificate'
require 'net/ssh/authentication/ed25519_loader'
module Net
module SSH
# Net::SSH::Buffer is a flexible class for building and parsing binary
# data packets. It provides a stream-like interface for sequentially
# reading data items from the buffer, as well as a useful helper method
# for building binary packets given a signature.
#
# Writing to a buffer always appends to the end, regardless of where the
# read cursor is. Reading, on the other hand, always begins at the first
# byte of the buffer and increments the read cursor, with subsequent reads
# taking up where the last left off.
#
# As a consumer of the Net::SSH library, you will rarely come into contact
# with these buffer objects directly, but it could happen. Also, if you
# are ever implementing a protocol on top of SSH (e.g. SFTP), this buffer
# class can be quite handy.
class Buffer
# This is a convenience method for creating and populating a new buffer
# from a single command. The arguments must be even in length, with the
# first of each pair of arguments being a symbol naming the type of the
# data that follows. If the type is :raw, the value is written directly
# to the hash.
#
# b = Buffer.from(:byte, 1, :string, "hello", :raw, "\1\2\3\4")
# #-> "\1\0\0\0\5hello\1\2\3\4"
#
# The supported data types are:
#
# * :raw => write the next value verbatim (#write)
# * :int64 => write an 8-byte integer (#write_int64)
# * :long => write a 4-byte integer (#write_long)
# * :byte => write a single byte (#write_byte)
# * :string => write a 4-byte length followed by character data (#write_string)
# * :mstring => same as string, but caller cannot resuse the string, avoids potential duplication (#write_moved)
# * :bool => write a single byte, interpreted as a boolean (#write_bool)
# * :bignum => write an SSH-encoded bignum (#write_bignum)
# * :key => write an SSH-encoded key value (#write_key)
#
# Any of these, except for :raw, accepts an Array argument, to make it
# easier to write multiple values of the same type in a briefer manner.
def self.from(*args)
raise ArgumentError, "odd number of arguments given" unless args.length % 2 == 0
buffer = new
0.step(args.length - 1, 2) do |index|
type = args[index]
value = args[index + 1]
if type == :raw
buffer.append(value.to_s)
elsif Array === value
buffer.send("write_#{type}", *value)
else
buffer.send("write_#{type}", value)
end
end
buffer
end
# exposes the raw content of the buffer
attr_reader :content
# the current position of the pointer in the buffer
attr_accessor :position
# Creates a new buffer, initialized to the given content. The position
# is initialized to the beginning of the buffer.
def initialize(content = String.new)
@content = content.to_s
@position = 0
end
# Returns the length of the buffer's content.
def length
@content.length
end
# Returns the number of bytes available to be read (e.g., how many bytes
# remain between the current position and the end of the buffer).
def available
length - position
end
# Returns a copy of the buffer's content.
def to_s
(@content || "").dup
end
# Compares the contents of the two buffers, returning +true+ only if they
# are identical in size and content.
def ==(buffer)
to_s == buffer.to_s
end
# Returns +true+ if the buffer contains no data (e.g., it is of zero length).
def empty?
@content.empty?
end
# Resets the pointer to the start of the buffer. Subsequent reads will
# begin at position 0.
def reset!
@position = 0
end
# Returns true if the pointer is at the end of the buffer. Subsequent
# reads will return nil, in this case.
def eof?
@position >= length
end
# Resets the buffer, making it empty. Also, resets the read position to
# 0.
def clear!
@content = String.new
@position = 0
end
# Consumes n bytes from the buffer, where n is the current position
# unless otherwise specified. This is useful for removing data from the
# buffer that has previously been read, when you are expecting more data
# to be appended. It helps to keep the size of buffers down when they
# would otherwise tend to grow without bound.
#
# Returns the buffer object itself.
def consume!(n = position)
if n >= length
# optimize for a fairly common case
clear!
elsif n > 0
@content = @content[n..-1] || String.new
@position -= n
@position = 0 if @position < 0
end
self
end
# Appends the given text to the end of the buffer. Does not alter the
# read position. Returns the buffer object itself.
def append(text)
@content << text
self
end
# Returns all text from the current pointer to the end of the buffer as
# a new Net::SSH::Buffer object.
def remainder_as_buffer
Buffer.new(@content[@position..-1])
end
# Reads all data up to and including the given pattern, which may be a
# String, Fixnum, or Regexp and is interpreted exactly as String#index
# does. Returns nil if nothing matches. Increments the position to point
# immediately after the pattern, if it does match. Returns all data up to
# and including the text that matched the pattern.
def read_to(pattern)
index = @content.index(pattern, @position) or return nil
length = case pattern
when String then pattern.length
when Integer then 1
when Regexp then $&.length
end
index && read(index + length)
end
# Reads and returns the next +count+ bytes from the buffer, starting from
# the read position. If +count+ is +nil+, this will return all remaining
# text in the buffer. This method will increment the pointer.
def read(count = nil)
count ||= length
count = length - @position if @position + count > length
@position += count
@content[@position - count, count]
end
# Reads (as #read) and returns the given number of bytes from the buffer,
# and then consumes (as #consume!) all data up to the new read position.
def read!(count = nil)
data = read(count)
consume!
data
end
# Calls block(self) until the buffer is empty, and returns all results.
def read_all(&block)
Enumerator.new { |e| e << yield(self) until eof? }.to_a
end
# Return the next 8 bytes as a 64-bit integer (in network byte order).
# Returns nil if there are less than 8 bytes remaining to be read in the
# buffer.
def read_int64
hi = read_long or return nil
lo = read_long or return nil
return (hi << 32) + lo
end
# Return the next four bytes as a long integer (in network byte order).
# Returns nil if there are less than 4 bytes remaining to be read in the
# buffer.
def read_long
b = read(4) or return nil
b.unpack("N").first
end
# Read and return the next byte in the buffer. Returns nil if called at
# the end of the buffer.
def read_byte
b = read(1) or return nil
b.getbyte(0)
end
# Read and return an SSH2-encoded string. The string starts with a long
# integer that describes the number of bytes remaining in the string.
# Returns nil if there are not enough bytes to satisfy the request.
def read_string
length = read_long or return nil
read(length)
end
# Read a single byte and convert it into a boolean, using 'C' rules
# (i.e., zero is false, non-zero is true).
def read_bool
b = read_byte or return nil
b != 0
end
# Read a bignum (OpenSSL::BN) from the buffer, in SSH2 format. It is
# essentially just a string, which is reinterpreted to be a bignum in
# binary format.
def read_bignum
data = read_string
return unless data
OpenSSL::BN.new(data, 2)
end
# Read a key from the buffer. The key will start with a string
# describing its type. The remainder of the key is defined by the
# type that was read.
def read_key
type = read_string
return (type ? read_keyblob(type) : nil)
end
def read_private_keyblob(type)
case type
when /^ssh-rsa$/
n = read_bignum
e = read_bignum
d = read_bignum
iqmp = read_bignum
p = read_bignum
q = read_bignum
_unkown1 = read_bignum
_unkown2 = read_bignum
dmp1 = d % (p - 1)
dmq1 = d % (q - 1)
# Public key
data_sequence = OpenSSL::ASN1::Sequence([
OpenSSL::ASN1::Integer(n),
OpenSSL::ASN1::Integer(e)
])
if d && p && q && dmp1 && dmq1 && iqmp
data_sequence = OpenSSL::ASN1::Sequence([
OpenSSL::ASN1::Integer(0),
OpenSSL::ASN1::Integer(n),
OpenSSL::ASN1::Integer(e),
OpenSSL::ASN1::Integer(d),
OpenSSL::ASN1::Integer(p),
OpenSSL::ASN1::Integer(q),
OpenSSL::ASN1::Integer(dmp1),
OpenSSL::ASN1::Integer(dmq1),
OpenSSL::ASN1::Integer(iqmp)
])
end
asn1 = OpenSSL::ASN1::Sequence(data_sequence)
OpenSSL::PKey::RSA.new(asn1.to_der)
when /^ecdsa\-sha2\-(\w*)$/
OpenSSL::PKey::EC.read_keyblob($1, self)
else
raise Exception, "Cannot decode private key of type #{type}"
end
end
# Read a keyblob of the given type from the buffer, and return it as
# a key. Only RSA, DSA, and ECDSA keys are supported.
def read_keyblob(type)
case type
when /^(.*)-cert-v01@openssh\.com$/
key = Net::SSH::Authentication::Certificate.read_certblob(self, $1)
when /^ssh-dss$/
p = read_bignum
q = read_bignum
g = read_bignum
pub_key = read_bignum
asn1 = OpenSSL::ASN1::Sequence.new(
[
OpenSSL::ASN1::Sequence.new(
[
OpenSSL::ASN1::ObjectId.new('DSA'),
OpenSSL::ASN1::Sequence.new(
[
OpenSSL::ASN1::Integer.new(p),
OpenSSL::ASN1::Integer.new(q),
OpenSSL::ASN1::Integer.new(g)
]
)
]
),
OpenSSL::ASN1::BitString.new(OpenSSL::ASN1::Integer.new(pub_key).to_der)
]
)
key = OpenSSL::PKey::DSA.new(asn1.to_der)
when /^ssh-rsa$/
e = read_bignum
n = read_bignum
asn1 = OpenSSL::ASN1::Sequence(
[
OpenSSL::ASN1::Integer(n),
OpenSSL::ASN1::Integer(e)
]
)
key = OpenSSL::PKey::RSA.new(asn1.to_der)
when /^ssh-ed25519$/
Net::SSH::Authentication::ED25519Loader.raiseUnlessLoaded("unsupported key type `#{type}'")
key = Net::SSH::Authentication::ED25519::PubKey.read_keyblob(self)
when /^ecdsa\-sha2\-(\w*)$/
key = OpenSSL::PKey::EC.read_keyblob($1, self)
else
raise NotImplementedError, "unsupported key type `#{type}'"
end
return key
end
# Reads the next string from the buffer, and returns a new Buffer
# object that wraps it.
def read_buffer
Buffer.new(read_string)
end
# Writes the given data literally into the string. Does not alter the
# read position. Returns the buffer object.
def write(*data)
data.each { |datum| @content << datum.dup.force_encoding('BINARY') }
self
end
# Optimized version of write where the caller gives up ownership of string
# to the method. This way we can mutate the string.
def write_moved(string)
@content <<
if string.frozen?
string.dup.force_encoding('BINARY')
else
string.force_encoding('BINARY')
end
self
end
# Writes each argument to the buffer as a network-byte-order-encoded
# 64-bit integer (8 bytes). Does not alter the read position. Returns the
# buffer object.
def write_int64(*n)
n.each do |i|
hi = (i >> 32) & 0xFFFFFFFF
lo = i & 0xFFFFFFFF
@content << [hi, lo].pack("N2")
end
self
end
# Writes each argument to the buffer as a network-byte-order-encoded
# long (4-byte) integer. Does not alter the read position. Returns the
# buffer object.
def write_long(*n)
@content << n.pack("N*")
self
end
# Writes each argument to the buffer as a byte. Does not alter the read
# position. Returns the buffer object.
def write_byte(*n)
n.each { |b| @content << b.chr }
self
end
# Writes each argument to the buffer as an SSH2-encoded string. Each
# string is prefixed by its length, encoded as a 4-byte long integer.
# Does not alter the read position. Returns the buffer object.
def write_string(*text)
text.each do |string|
s = string.to_s
write_long(s.bytesize)
write(s)
end
self
end
# Writes each argument to the buffer as an SSH2-encoded string. Each
# string is prefixed by its length, encoded as a 4-byte long integer.
# Does not alter the read position. Returns the buffer object.
# Might alter arguments see write_moved
def write_mstring(*text)
text.each do |string|
s = string.to_s
write_long(s.bytesize)
write_moved(s)
end
self
end
# Writes each argument to the buffer as a (C-style) boolean, with 1
# meaning true, and 0 meaning false. Does not alter the read position.
# Returns the buffer object.
def write_bool(*b)
b.each { |v| @content << (v ? "\1" : "\0") }
self
end
# Writes each argument to the buffer as a bignum (SSH2-style). No
# checking is done to ensure that the arguments are, in fact, bignums.
# Does not alter the read position. Returns the buffer object.
def write_bignum(*n)
@content << n.map { |b| b.to_ssh }.join
self
end
# Writes the given arguments to the buffer as SSH2-encoded keys. Does not
# alter the read position. Returns the buffer object.
def write_key(*key)
key.each { |k| append(k.to_blob) }
self
end
end
end
end;