class ActionDispatch::RequestId

from multiple pieces of the stack.
The unique request id can be used to trace a request end-to-end and would typically end up being part of log files
header is accepted from the outside world, we sanitize it to a max of 255 chars and alphanumeric and dashes only.
by a firewall, load balancer, or the web server, or, if this header is not available, a random uuid. If the
The unique request id is either based on the X-Request-Id header in the request, which would typically be generated
the same id to the client via the X-Request-Id header.
through ActionDispatch::Request#request_id or the alias ActionDispatch::Request#uuid) and sends
Makes a unique request id available to the action_dispatch.request_id env variable (which is then accessible

def call(env) 

def call(env)
  req = ActionDispatch::Request.new env
  req.request_id = make_request_id(req.headers[@header])
  @app.call(env).tap { |_status, headers, _body| headers[@header] = req.request_id }
end

def initialize(app, header:) 

def initialize(app, header:)
  @app = app
  @header = header
end

def internal_request_id 

def internal_request_id
  SecureRandom.uuid
end

def make_request_id(request_id) 

def make_request_id(request_id)
  if request_id.presence
    request_id.gsub(/[^\w\-@]/, "").first(255)
  else
    internal_request_id
  end
end