module ActiveSupport::Callbacks::ClassMethods

def __update_callbacks(name) # :nodoc:

:nodoc:
CallbackChain.
This is used internally to append, prepend and skip callbacks to the
def __update_callbacks(name) # :nodoc:
  self.descendants.prepend(self).reverse_each do |target|
    chain = target.get_callbacks name
    yield target, chain.dup
  end
end

def define_callbacks(*names)

overwrite previous callbacks registered with #set_callback.
Calling +define_callbacks+ multiple times with the same +names+ will

!, ? or =.
+names+ passed to +define_callbacks+ must not end with

===== Notes

would call Audit#save.

define_callbacks :save, scope: [:name]

A declaration like

which callbacks are being defined.
callback (before/after/around) and +:name+ refers to the method on
and +:name+ have special meanings: +:kind+ refers to the kind of
case "kind" is "before" and "name" is "save". In this context +:kind+
by calling #{kind}_#{name} on the given instance. In this
would trigger Audit#before_save instead. That's constructed

define_callbacks :save, scope: [:kind, :name]

Audit#before will be called. On the other hand
In the above case whenever you save an account the method

end
end
end
puts 'save in main'
run_callbacks :save do
def save

set_callback :save, :before, Audit.new
define_callbacks :save

include ActiveSupport::Callbacks
class Account

end
end
puts 'Audit: before_save is called'
def before_save(caller)

end
puts 'Audit: before is called'
def before(caller)
class Audit

object is used as a callback.
* :scope - Indicates which methods should be executed when an

option is set to +nil+.
terminated or not. This option has no effect if :terminator
default after callbacks are executed no matter if callback chain was
callbacks should be terminated by the :terminator option. By
* :skip_after_callbacks_if_terminated - Determines if after

The default terminator halts the chain when a callback throws +:abort+.

any successive before and around callback is not executed.
In this example, if any before validate callbacks returns +false+,

define_callbacks :validate, terminator: ->(target, result_lambda) { result_lambda.call == false }

to the terminator lambda.
The current object and the result lambda of the callback will be provided
This should be a lambda to be executed.
being called and the event from being triggered.
callback chain, preventing following before and around callbacks from
* :terminator - Determines when a before filter will halt the

===== Options

define_callbacks :initialize, :save, :destroy
define_callbacks :validate

Define sets of events in the object life cycle that support callbacks.
def define_callbacks(*names)
  options = names.extract_options!
  names.each do |name|
    name = name.to_sym
    ([self] + self.descendants).each do |target|
      target.set_callbacks name, CallbackChain.new(name, options)
    end
    module_eval <<-RUBY, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1
      def _run_#{name}_callbacks(&block)
        run_callbacks #{name.inspect}, &block
      end
      def self._#{name}_callbacks
        get_callbacks(#{name.inspect})
      end
      def self._#{name}_callbacks=(value)
        set_callbacks(#{name.inspect}, value)
      end
      def _#{name}_callbacks
        __callbacks[#{name.inspect}]
      end
    RUBY
  end
end

def get_callbacks(name) # :nodoc:

:nodoc:
def get_callbacks(name) # :nodoc:
  __callbacks[name.to_sym]
end

def normalize_callback_params(filters, block) # :nodoc:

:nodoc:
def normalize_callback_params(filters, block) # :nodoc:
  type = CALLBACK_FILTER_TYPES.include?(filters.first) ? filters.shift : :before
  options = filters.extract_options!
  filters.unshift(block) if block
  [type, filters, options.dup]
end

def reset_callbacks(name)

Remove all set callbacks for the given event.
def reset_callbacks(name)
  callbacks = get_callbacks name
  self.descendants.each do |target|
    chain = target.get_callbacks(name).dup
    callbacks.each { |c| chain.delete(c) }
    target.set_callbacks name, chain
  end
  set_callbacks(name, callbacks.dup.clear)
end

def set_callback(name, *filter_list, &block)

existing chain rather than appended.
* :prepend - If +true+, the callback will be prepended to the
an argument.
current object. It can also optionally accept the current object as
If a proc is given, its body is evaluated in the context of the

all return a false value.
instance method or a proc; the callback will be called only when they
* :unless - A symbol or an array of symbols, each naming an
an argument.
current object. It can also optionally accept the current object as
If a proc is given, its body is evaluated in the context of the

a true value.
method or a proc; the callback will be called only when they all return
* :if - A symbol or an array of symbols, each naming an instance

===== Options

wasn't halted, from the +yield+ call.
Around callbacks can access the return value from the event, if it

after callbacks are called in the reverse order.
Before and around callbacks are called in the order that they are set;

an argument.
of the current object. It can also optionally accept the current object as
If a proc, lambda, or block is given, its body is evaluated in the context

determined by the :scope argument to #define_callbacks.
proc, lambda, or block; or as an object that responds to a certain method
The callback can be specified as a symbol naming an instance method; as a

set_callback :save, :before_method

means the first example above can also be written as:
+:after+, or +:around+ the event. If omitted, +:before+ is assumed. This
The second argument indicates whether the callback is to be run +:before+,

set_callback :save, :around, ->(r, block) { stuff; result = block.call; stuff }
set_callback :save, :after, :after_method, if: :condition
set_callback :save, :before, :before_method

Install a callback for the given event.
def set_callback(name, *filter_list, &block)
  type, filters, options = normalize_callback_params(filter_list, block)
  self_chain = get_callbacks name
  mapped = filters.map do |filter|
    Callback.build(self_chain, filter, type, options)
  end
  __update_callbacks(name) do |target, chain|
    options[:prepend] ? chain.prepend(*mapped) : chain.append(*mapped)
    target.set_callbacks name, chain
  end
end

def set_callbacks(name, callbacks) # :nodoc:

:nodoc:
def set_callbacks(name, callbacks) # :nodoc:
  unless singleton_class.method_defined?(:__callbacks, false)
    self.__callbacks = __callbacks.dup
  end
  self.__callbacks[name.to_sym] = callbacks
  self.__callbacks
end

def skip_callback(name, *filter_list, &block)

already been set (unless the :raise option is set to false).
An ArgumentError will be raised if the callback has not

saved
- save
saving...
Output:

young_writer.save
young_writer.age = 17
young_writer = Writer.new

When if option returns false, callback is NOT skipped.

saved
- save
Output:

writer.save
writer.age = 20
writer = Writer.new

When if option returns true, callback is skipped.

end
skip_callback :save, :before, :saving_message, if: -> { age > 18 }
attr_accessor :age
class Writer < PersonRecord

can see defined here[rdoc-ref:ActiveSupport::Callbacks]
Note: this example uses +PersonRecord+ and +#saving_message+, which you

callback is skipped.
:unless options may be passed in order to control when the
Skip a previously set callback. Like #set_callback, :if or
def skip_callback(name, *filter_list, &block)
  type, filters, options = normalize_callback_params(filter_list, block)
  options[:raise] = true unless options.key?(:raise)
  __update_callbacks(name) do |target, chain|
    filters.each do |filter|
      callback = chain.find { |c| c.matches?(type, filter) }
      if !callback && options[:raise]
        raise ArgumentError, "#{type.to_s.capitalize} #{name} callback #{filter.inspect} has not been defined"
      end
      if callback && (options.key?(:if) || options.key?(:unless))
        new_callback = callback.merge_conditional_options(chain, if_option: options[:if], unless_option: options[:unless])
        chain.insert(chain.index(callback), new_callback)
      end
      chain.delete(callback)
    end
    target.set_callbacks name, chain
  end
end